胃复安致死亡,说明书给医生挖了个坑!

2017-06-09 Gcplive 药评中心

药品说明书和中国药典是临床用药的法律依据,但是,两种法律文件对甲氧氯普胺儿童用法用量的规定不一致。中国药典中的每日总剂量是说明书的2~3倍。

案例回放

患儿,女,4岁。因饮食不当引起上腹部不适,非喷射性呕吐,给予肌注甲氧氯普胺(胃复安)10mg,共2次;口服胃复安5mg,共2次。

2h后患儿出现全身抽搐,双眼上翻,呈阵发性发作,每次持续约6min,抽搐间隔时间不定,以后每次抽搐时间逐渐延长,间隔时间逐渐缩短,并出现昏迷。

考虑为甲氧氯普胺中毒所致。给予吸氧、肌注654-2(山莨菪碱)2mg,20%甘露醇和50%葡萄糖交替静脉注射,并给镇静剂等治疗。最终抢救无效而死亡。

死因分析

1、甲氧氯普胺剂量过大

2010年《中国药典-临床用药须知》关于甲氧氯普胺的儿童用法与用量为:口服、肌内注射、静脉注射,一日0.2~0.3mg/kg,分2~3次给予。

该案例报道中缺少患儿体重。根据2~12岁儿童体重估算公式(体重=年龄×2+8kg)计算,4岁患儿的体重约16kg,每日总剂量不宜超过4.8mg。

该患儿应用甲氧氯普胺明显过量,2h内连续给药达30mg,是中国药典规定剂量的6.25倍。

2、抢救药品选择不当

该患儿死亡的原因,既与甲氧氯普胺的用药剂量过大有关,也与甲氧氯普胺中毒后抢救药品的选择不当有关。

甲氧氯普胺是一种多巴胺受体拮抗剂。大剂量或长期应用,因阻断多巴胺受体,导致乙酰胆碱受体相对亢进,而导致锥体外系症状(尤其是儿童和年轻人),严重者可致死亡。

甲氧氯普胺用药过量时,应使用抗胆碱药(如盐酸苯海索)或抗组胺药(如苯海拉明)治疗。654-2(山莨菪碱)不易通过血-脑脊液屏障,不宜用于甲氧氯普胺用药过量的抢救。

医生无所适从,说明书挖个坑

甲氧氯普胺——药品说明书

肌注或静注:6岁以下每次0.1mg/kg,6~14岁一次2.5~5mg。口服:5~14岁每次用2.5~5mg,每日3次,餐前30分钟服。小儿总剂量每日不得超过0.1mg/kg。

甲氧氯普胺——中国药典

2010年《中国药典-临床用药须知》关于甲氧氯普胺的儿童用法与用量为:口服、肌内注射、静脉注射,一日0.2~0.3mg/kg,分2~3次。

药品说明书和中国药典是临床用药的法律依据,但是,两种法律文件对甲氧氯普胺儿童用法用量的规定不一致。中国药典中的每日总剂量是说明书的2~3倍。

药品说明书中有关儿童的用法用量:

甲氧氯普胺口服:5~14岁,每次用2.5~5mg,每日3次。即每日总剂量7.5~15mg,最小日剂量为7.5mg,最大日剂量为15mg。

按《中国药典-临床用药须知》规定的儿童最大日剂量(0.3mg/kg)计算,甲氧氯普胺药品说明书所推荐的最小日剂量7.5mg,仅适用于体重超过25kg以上的5~14岁的儿童。

温馨提示

1、甲氧氯普胺有首关代谢,血浆峰浓度有显着的个体差异,绝对生物利用度波动范围为30%~100%。成人每日剂量不宜超过0.5mg/kg,否则易引起锥体外系反应。

2、小于5岁的儿童:甲氧氯普胺每日剂量不超过0.1mg/kg;5~14岁的儿童:每日剂量不超过0.3mg/kg。

3、甲氧氯普胺引起的锥体外系反应多见于儿童和年轻人,约70%发生于女性。14岁以下的儿童,应谨慎使用胃复安。

4、甲氧氯普胺过量症状:眼球震动,双眼上翻、,头部、面部、颈部、背部肌肉抽搐,牙关紧闭、舌头变蓝;昏睡状态,神智不清等。

6、甲氧氯普胺药物过量时,应使用易通过血脑屏障的抗胆碱药物,如苯海索、苯海拉明。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (4)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2028236, encodeId=c7a4202823693, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a58a8318145' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胃复安#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83181, encryptionId=a58a8318145, topicName=胃复安)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ba58436, createdName=马龙, createdTime=Sun May 20 21:18:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1507145, encodeId=968e150e14520, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=18849189139' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#说明书#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91891, encryptionId=18849189139, topicName=说明书)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3da79876963, createdName=yangpeizhi, createdTime=Sun Jun 11 09:18:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=209097, encodeId=c10b20909e5e, content=时时刻刻提高警惕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Sat Jun 10 20:19:56 CST 2017, time=2017-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=208858, encodeId=1f5a20885834, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/B12F553DFF7216F18ACF46FAAB5AF1FD/100, createdBy=2cc02040702, createdName=complicatehq, createdTime=Sat Jun 10 07:25:56 CST 2017, time=2017-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-20 马龙
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2028236, encodeId=c7a4202823693, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a58a8318145' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胃复安#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83181, encryptionId=a58a8318145, topicName=胃复安)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ba58436, createdName=马龙, createdTime=Sun May 20 21:18:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1507145, encodeId=968e150e14520, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=18849189139' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#说明书#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91891, encryptionId=18849189139, topicName=说明书)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3da79876963, createdName=yangpeizhi, createdTime=Sun Jun 11 09:18:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=209097, encodeId=c10b20909e5e, content=时时刻刻提高警惕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Sat Jun 10 20:19:56 CST 2017, time=2017-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=208858, encodeId=1f5a20885834, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/B12F553DFF7216F18ACF46FAAB5AF1FD/100, createdBy=2cc02040702, createdName=complicatehq, createdTime=Sat Jun 10 07:25:56 CST 2017, time=2017-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2028236, encodeId=c7a4202823693, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a58a8318145' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胃复安#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83181, encryptionId=a58a8318145, topicName=胃复安)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ba58436, createdName=马龙, createdTime=Sun May 20 21:18:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1507145, encodeId=968e150e14520, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=18849189139' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#说明书#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91891, encryptionId=18849189139, topicName=说明书)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3da79876963, createdName=yangpeizhi, createdTime=Sun Jun 11 09:18:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=209097, encodeId=c10b20909e5e, content=时时刻刻提高警惕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Sat Jun 10 20:19:56 CST 2017, time=2017-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=208858, encodeId=1f5a20885834, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/B12F553DFF7216F18ACF46FAAB5AF1FD/100, createdBy=2cc02040702, createdName=complicatehq, createdTime=Sat Jun 10 07:25:56 CST 2017, time=2017-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-10 changjiu

    时时刻刻提高警惕

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2028236, encodeId=c7a4202823693, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a58a8318145' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胃复安#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83181, encryptionId=a58a8318145, topicName=胃复安)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ba58436, createdName=马龙, createdTime=Sun May 20 21:18:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1507145, encodeId=968e150e14520, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=18849189139' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#说明书#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91891, encryptionId=18849189139, topicName=说明书)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3da79876963, createdName=yangpeizhi, createdTime=Sun Jun 11 09:18:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=209097, encodeId=c10b20909e5e, content=时时刻刻提高警惕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Sat Jun 10 20:19:56 CST 2017, time=2017-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=208858, encodeId=1f5a20885834, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/B12F553DFF7216F18ACF46FAAB5AF1FD/100, createdBy=2cc02040702, createdName=complicatehq, createdTime=Sat Jun 10 07:25:56 CST 2017, time=2017-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-10 complicatehq

    学习了

    0

相关资讯

NEJM:一例关于胃复安药物用药副作用的案例报道

女性,21岁,患有甲状腺癌,行甲状腺全切除术及淋巴结清扫术后。术后第二天,该患者开始出现颈部后仰,下巴难以闭合,以及眼睛无节律性横向偏移(请观看视频1)。此外,她目前尚能听从指令进行活动(例如,她能按照要求伸出舌头)。据了解,该患者在术后为了抑制恶心症状曾遵医嘱服用过胃复安这个药物,10mg/次,每天2次,连续服用2天,在恶心症状开始发作的24小时后开始服用。服用后便开始出现以上的临床症状。为了消