BMC Medical Genomics:神速!“神算子”两天即可诊断癌症!

2015-10-08 leaderbilly 译 MedSci原创

到目前为止,对于大多数的癌症病例,医生可以快速识别疾病的来源,例如肝癌、肺癌等等。然而,在大约二十分之一的病例中,医生可以证实病人得了癌症,但是却找不到疾病的源头。这些病人所面临的是漫长的等待与大量的诊断测试,以试图在任何治疗开始前找到癌症的起源进而有针对性地实施治疗。而今,DTU系统生物学的研究人员结合遗传学与计算机科学,创造了一个新的基于先进诊断技术基础上的自学计算机算法,可以有85%的把握通

到目前为止,对于大多数的癌症病例,医生可以快速识别疾病的来源,例如肝癌、肺癌等等。然而,只有约1/20的病例可以被医生证实是癌症,但是,被证实是癌症并不代表找到了治疗的靶点。这些病人所面临的是漫长的等待与大量的诊断测试,以试图在治疗开始前找到癌症的起源,进而进行有针对性地治疗。

而今,DTU系统生物学的研究人员结合遗传学与计算机科学,创造了一个新的基于先进诊断技术的自学计算机算法,可以有85%的把握通过对转移灶的活检来确定疾病的来源,明确治疗靶点,并最终改善患者的预后。

在丹麦,每年大约有35000人被诊断为癌症,而他们中的很多人需要面临漫长的等待,直到癌症诊断并明确疾病的来源。然而,即使目前存在非常多样的测试方法,仍有2%-3%的患者无法找到癌症的起源。在这种情况下,病人只能接受鸡尾酒式的混合化疗,而不是更适当且有针对性的治疗,但是,后者更有可能是更为有效且缓和的治疗方式。

这种新开发的方法,被研究人员称为Tumor Tracer,是立足于分析癌症患者的转移癌症组织样本中的DNA突变在,即此时癌症已经发生扩散。突变分析的模式在计算机程序已训练以找到可能的主要肿瘤源头。该测试方法已经在成千上万的肿瘤样品中得到测试,并已被证明其计算结果非常精确。下一步将在未知的肿瘤患者中对这一方法进行验证。近年来,研究人员也发现一些使用肿瘤的基因组测序的方法,能够预测一个癌症患者是否受益于一个特定类型的药物。

“这是一个非常有效的方法,并且为癌症患者进行这样的测序将变得越来越普遍,”DTU系统生物学副教授Aron Eklund解释说:“我们非常高兴的是,我们现在可以使用相同的测序数据结合我们的新算法为目前难以诊断的癌症病例提供更快的诊断。目前,需要花费研究人员两天的时间来获得活检结果,但我们希望日益加快的测序技术能够为我们的诊断工作提速。新方法将与目前被医生所广泛应用的简单方法结合并更好的应用于临床实践工作。”

研究人员认为,从长远来看,该方法也可以用来识别血液样本中来源于肿瘤组织中的癌症细胞,因此也可以作为一种简单而有效的方法以监测人罹患癌症的风险。

原始出处:


Andrea Marion Marquard, Nicolai Juul Birkbak,et al. TumorTracer: a method to identify the tissue of origin from the somatic mutations of a tumor specimen. BMC Medical Genomics, 2015; 8 (1) 

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    2016-07-30 jeanqiuqiu
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    2015-10-09 海豹
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