CMAJ:加拿大更新基层心血管防治指南:高危人群收缩压目标值<120 mmHg

2018-10-13 朱柳媛 中国循环杂志

10月9日,加拿大发布了2018年更新版的基层心血管病预防和管理指南,以帮助基层医师管理心血管病患者或高危人群。这一指南由9个指南小组制定,包括77项建议,其中52项是新加或更新的建议。以下是新指南中改变较大的几个方面。

10月9日,加拿大发布了2018年更新版的基层血管预防管理指南,以帮助基层医师管理血管病患者或高危人群。这一指南由9个指南小组制定,包括77项建议,其中52项是新加或更新的建议。以下是新指南中改变较大的几个方面。


新指南将高危人群中高血压的治疗阈值降低为收缩压130 mmHg,治疗目标值为<120 mmHg。高危人群是指:收缩压≥130 mmHg、Framingham风险评分≥15%,合并慢性肾脏病(估算肾小球滤过率20~60 ml/min),年龄≥75岁。指南推荐单片复方制剂作为初始降压治疗选择。

血脂异常

指南建议采取“治疗达标模式”,建议高危人群接受药物治疗进行心血管病一级预防,包括有动脉粥样硬化、腹主动脉瘤、糖尿病、慢性肾脏病或低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平≥5.0 mmol/L、Framingham风险评分≥20%的患者。

中危人群则要根据其合并其他心血管病危险因素来决定是否治疗,比如LDL-C水平≥3.5 mmol/L、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平≥4.3 mmol/L,载脂蛋白B水平≥1.2 mmol/L,或者男性年龄≥50岁,女性年龄≥60岁且合并1个其他心血管病危险因素。


糖尿病评估方面,新指南建议糖化血红蛋白水平处于6.0%~6.4%的人接受75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验餐后2小时血糖检测。新指南指出,仅凭糖化血红蛋白或空腹血糖,会遗漏空腹血糖受损或糖耐量异常的患者,而口服葡萄糖耐量试验对于难以解释的微血管并发症患者是有益的。

降糖药物新增了钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2(SGLT2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)受体激动剂。

在年龄>55岁的糖尿病患者中,仅建议合并其他心血管危险因素或临床确诊有心血管病或微血管并发症的患者接受血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂或血管紧张素受体拮抗剂治疗,因为低危人群接受这些药物治疗的心血管益处缺乏证据。


建议所有非瓣膜性房颤患者优选直接口服抗凝药物治疗,而非华法林。但指南撰写组承认,目前尚无直接口服抗凝剂对心血管结局影响的长期证据。

健康行为

健康行为方面更新的建议包括:避免高盐饮食(如,钠摄入量> 6 g/d),高血压患者或高危人群每日盐摄入量应尽量以5 g/d(钠2 g/d)为目标;饮食的首要目标是保证足够热量维持健康体重,同时力求用餐愉快,符合当地人文;健康饮食联合规律运动可以预防2型糖尿病;戒烟,包括用药物戒烟。

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    2018-10-16 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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