静脉抽血后止血的4大误区,你知道吗?

2018-08-04 佚名 检验医学网

血液是身体健康检查中非常重要的一个指标,抽血化验也是临床护理最常见的项目。不过,总有患者抽血完后胳膊出现青肿,有人的胳膊还会鼓起一个大包。甚至有些患者觉得你的技术很渣。这是神马原因?你知道吗?对,就是没有正确止血!

血液是身体健康检查中非常重要的一个指标,抽血化验也是临床护理最常见的项目。不过,总有患者抽血完后胳膊出现青肿,有人的胳膊还会鼓起一个大包。甚至有些患者觉得你的技术很渣。这是神马原因?你知道吗?对,就是没有正确止血!

01.压迫面积太小

22岁的女大学生小王旅游回家后,感到浑身无力,还有点发烧,到医院就诊,医生建议查查血常规。小王抽完血后,就用中指紧紧压住针眼,可几分钟后,抽血处的皮肤还是鼓出了一小包。

点评

由于静脉抽血时注射器不仅刺破皮肤表面,而且要扎入静脉血管,才能抽出血来,所以皮肤表面的针眼并不一定与血管壁上的针眼在一个点上,按压时仅仅用一根手指压住了皮肤表面的出血点,并未能有效按压住血管上的出血点,因此才会出现渗血、淤血情况。正确的止血按压应该是用三个手指压住抽血处,将皮肤表面和血管壁上的出血点整体压住,就可以避免血管继续出血。

02.止血边按边揉

5岁的毛毛因咳嗽去医院看病,在化验室哭哭啼啼抽完血后,妈妈一边按压着,一边轻轻地揉着抽血点,心疼地安慰儿子,不一会儿,妈妈发现“揉”出了一个“小包”。

点评

抽完血后由于血小板还没有凝固,血管针眼处仍在继续出血,用三个手指压迫才能起到止血作用,但是按压时千万不能揉,轻揉出血处不仅不能止血,相反会加速出血,效果自然适得其反。正确的方法是只能压不要揉。

03.按压时间过短

中学生虞某因腹痛、恶心等症状到医院急诊,急诊化验室工作人员为其抽完血后,嘱咐其多按压一会儿,该同学仅压了一分多钟,就拉下袖子说没事了,结果几分钟后就感到抽血处微微疼痛,一看出现了淤血。

点评

正常抽完血后止血一般要3~5分钟,该学生仅按压一分多钟就自认为没事了,种做法显然是错误的。正确方法应该用三个手指坚持按压3~5分钟,年龄大或血小板异常患者应相对长些。

04.袖子勒得过紧

68岁的张老汉因咳喘前往医院就诊。由于害怕着凉,家人没让病人脱衣服,而是捋起衣袖让医生为老人抽血,尽管患者家属压住了出血点,不料仍鼓起一个大包。

点评

张老汉发生的问题主要根源在于上臂衣服太紧,导致血液回流不畅,从而引起渗血。正确的做法是抽血后一方面进行按压止血,同时拉下上臂衣袖,避免上臂被衣服“绑”得太紧,影响血液正常回流。特别需要提醒的是,前往医院就诊的病人穿着最好宽松些,这样便于采血和止血。抽血后护士要给患者止血教育,科学处理,一般情况下都会很快止血的。

提醒患者

抽血前要放松, 抽完血要坐会儿。

抽血前一天,最好洗个澡,清洁手臂,这样可避免伤口感染。抽血前一天勿暴饮暴食,不要饮酒,保证足够睡眠,尽量减少运动量,抽血前12小时最好不要再吃东西。不要穿袖口过小过紧的衣服,避免因衣服过紧引起手臂血肿。

抽血后用消毒过的药棉压紧抽血部位,需要在针孔以及向上2厘米处进行局部按压3—5分钟。不要揉,避免造成皮下血肿。因为个人凝血时间不同,有些人按压时间可能要更长些,如有出血倾向,按压时间应适当延长。有些人看到表皮没有血渗出就停止压迫,可能因皮下渗血造成淤青。如出现淤青,24小时后可用热毛巾敷。抽血后最好休息15分钟,可静坐或躺下,若出现头晕、眼花、乏力等晕针症状,应立即平卧,喝点糖水,待症状缓解后再离开。抽血后24小时内应保持手臂清洁卫生,尽量别洗澡,更不要洗桑拿。

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    2019-05-11 fusion
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    2018-08-06 jeanqiuqiu
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    2018-08-05 flysky120

    谢谢,很有帮助的

    0