Nature:炎症性肠道疾病(IBD)的遗传研究

2013-05-06 Beyond 生物谷

2012年11月6日--最近,一个国际科学家小组研究发现了炎症性肠道疾病(IBD)的遗传基础。克罗恩氏病和溃疡性结肠炎是炎症性肠道疾病最常见的两种形式。 蒙特利尔心脏研究所与蒙特利尔大学医学副教授John Rioux博士已经确定了71个基因区域与炎性肠道疾病(IBD)发病有关,迄今发现与IBD发病相关的基因总数增加至163个。此外,该研究指出,这些基因区域表现出显著的重叠功效即也与自身免

2012年11月6日--最近,一个国际科学家小组研究发现了炎症性肠道疾病(IBD)的遗传基础。克罗恩氏病和溃疡性结肠炎是炎症性肠道疾病最常见的两种形式。
 
蒙特利尔心脏研究所与蒙特利尔大学医学副教授John Rioux博士已经确定了71个基因区域与炎性肠道疾病(IBD)发病有关,迄今发现与IBD发病相关的基因总数增加至163个。此外,该研究指出,这些基因区域表现出显著的重叠功效即也与自身免疫性疾病和免疫缺陷相关。更令人惊讶的这些遗传区域还控制微生物的感染如结核病。

这项研究发表在11月1日的Nature杂志上。此外,这些研究结果证实了炎症性肠道疾病是由于免疫防御系统过于活跃导致的。炎症性肠道疾病患者肠壁中,人体的免疫系统会产生一个持续的炎症反应导致腹泻和腹痛。IBD患者通常需要终身配合药物治疗,往往需要手术以修复疾病引起的组织损伤。
  
直到这项研究前,研究人员一直在研究克罗恩氏病和溃疡性结肠炎的分别。此研究发现这两种疾病之间有着遗传重叠。

在这项研究开始时,研究人员基于15个以前的基因组研究进行了一个荟萃分析,这些基因研究包括克罗恩病的病(CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(UC),研究人员创建一个大的数据集,结合约34,000人的遗传信息。将结果合并形成了第二个荟萃分析,其中包括国际IBD遗传学联合会在世界各地11个中心所收集的DNA样本的全基因组扫描数据。
  
博士RIOUX和国际研究小组还研究了在IBD患者免疫系统中数百个不同类型的细胞中这些基因的活性。他们发现,某些细胞往往会产生更多的IBD基因,其中许多基因涉及抵抗病毒侵犯的第一道免疫防线。这揭示了免疫应答似乎是促发IBD的一个主要因素,当检测到细菌时,这些细胞不只是激活状态,而是变得过度活跃。

Barrett博士说:我们看到了抵御细菌感染和攻击人体自身细胞之间存在基因平衡。如果免疫反应被过度激活,它可以促进炎症导致IBD。IBD由消化系统炎症引起,并影响全球2.5亿人。15和30岁之间的青少年和成年人比较容易患IBD。

肠道相关的拓展阅读:

Host–microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease.

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, the two common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), affect over 2.5 million people of European ancestry, with rising prevalence in other populations1. Genome-wide association studies and subsequent meta-analyses of these two diseases as separate phenotypes have implicated previously unsuspected mechanisms, such as autophagy4, in their pathogenesis and showed that some IBD loci are shared with other inflammatory diseases5. Here we expand on the knowledge of relevant pathways by undertaking a meta-analysis of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis genome-wide association scans, followed by extensive validation of significant findings, with a combined total of more than 75,000 cases and controls. We identify 71 new associations, for a total of 163 IBD loci, that meet genome-wide significance thresholds. Most loci contribute to both phenotypes, and both directional (consistently favouring one allele over the course of human history) and balancing (favouring the retention of both alleles within populations) selection effects are evident. Many IBD loci are also implicated in other immune-mediated disorders, most notably with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriasis. We also observe considerable overlap between susceptibility loci for IBD and mycobacterial infection. Gene co-expression network analysis emphasizes this relationship, with pathways shared between host responses to mycobacteria and those predisposing to IBD.

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    2013-06-30 liye789132251
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    2013-05-08 bnurmamat
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