Mov Disord : 新型左旋多巴肠道凝胶,可有效减缓帕金森的运动障碍表现

2021-09-25 Freeman MedSci原创

左旋多巴-卡比多巴的组合是帕金森病(PD)治疗的主流。一般来说,儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶(COM-T)抑制剂、单胺氧化酶-B(MAO-B)抑制剂和多巴胺激动剂与左旋多巴同时使用以减少运动波动。尽管使用了

左旋多巴-卡比多巴的组合是帕金森病(PD)治疗的主流。一般来说,儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶(COM-T)抑制剂、单胺氧化酶-B(MAO-B)抑制剂和多巴胺激动剂与左旋多巴同时使用以减少运动波动。尽管使用了最佳的口服药物,患者还是会逐渐出现持续的运动波动,如消退和延迟的 "开启 "时间,其特点是可预测或不可预测的从移动到不移动的摆动。即使采用最佳的口服治疗方法,运动障碍的处理也往往具有挑战性。

运动障碍是晚期PD最麻烦的症状之一。大约50%的患者在开始治疗后4-5年出现运动障碍,大约90%的患者在9年后出现运动障碍。中度至重度运动障碍可引起疼痛并损害自主运动,从而影响生活质量(QoL)。运动障碍被认为是由多次口服左旋多巴引起的突触后多巴胺能受体的脉冲性刺激造成的。

在严重的神经变性、不稳定的吸收、不可预测的胃排空变化和短的左旋多巴半衰期的背景下,多次口服左旋多巴可以导致血浆中左旋多巴水平的不稳定,因此,基底神经节中的多巴胺水平也不稳定。

因此,PD的运动障碍可能来自于药物治疗,特别是左旋多巴治疗。运动障碍的治疗方案包括口服金刚烷胺、持续皮下输注阿扑吗啡和脑深部刺激(DBS)。然而,DBS不一定适用于所有患者。晚期PD患者需要更多的治疗选择。一种选择可能是持续的左旋多巴输送。

左旋多巴-卡比多巴肠道凝胶(LCIG)是通过经皮内窥镜胃造口术与J管延伸(PEG-J)使用外部泵持续输送到上肠。与标准的口服左旋多巴治疗相比,LCIG提供了更稳定的左旋多巴血浆水平,从而减少了运动并发症和运动障碍的可能性。LCIG的临床试验和观察研究表明,"关闭 "时间明显减少,"开启 "时间减少并伴有运动障碍,"开启 "时间增加而无运动障碍的困扰。

然而,这些研究使用患者PD日记和/或帕金森病统一评定量表(UPDRS)的运动部分(第四部分)来评估运动障碍,这两种方法对变化的敏感性和量化运动障碍症状的能力都很有限。

统一运动障碍评定量表(UDysRS)的开发是为了评估患者 "开 "运动障碍和 "关 "肌张力障碍的历史性残疾,对运动障碍的严重程度和分布进行客观评价,并提供衡量运动障碍几个方面的度量属性。目前还没有随机的临床试验来比较LCIG对运动障碍的有效性与使用UDysRS的优化医疗(OMT)。

藉此,西班牙University General Hospital of Elche,的Eric Freire-Alvarez等人在晚期帕金森病患者中进行了一项为期12周的随机研究,通过UDysRS和帕金森病日记来评估LCIG与OMT在运动障碍症状方面的有效性。

此外,他们还比较了LCIG与OMT在运动波动、健康相关结果、安全性和耐受性方面的差异。

在这项3b期、开放标签、多中心、为期12周的干预性研究(NCT02799381)将63名未接受LCIG治疗的晚期PD患者(UDysRS≥30)随机分配到LCIG(N = 30)或OMT(N = 33)治疗。运动障碍的影响在基线至第12周使用UDysRS进行评估。还评估了与PD相关的运动和非运动症状,以及生活质量(QoL)。

12周后,与OMT组(n = 26;-2.33 ± 2.56)相比,LCIG组(n = 24;-17.37 ± 2.79)UDysRS测量的运动障碍明显减少(-15.05 ± 3.20;95% CI,-21.47至-8.63;P < 0.0001)。

在第12周,LCIG与OMT相比,在没有麻烦的运动障碍的 "在位 "时间(P = 0.0001)、QoL(P < 0.0001)、全局变化印象(P < 0.0001)、日常生活活动(P = 0.0006)和统一帕金森病评分表(UPDRS)第三部分(P = 0.0762)方面也有明显改善。

27名(44.3%)患者报告了治疗中出现的不良事件(LCIG,18[64.3%];OMT,9[27.3%])。2名(7.1%)接受LCIG治疗的患者发生了严重不良事件。

与OMT相比,LCIG明显减少了运动障碍的发生。LCIG在治疗晚期PD患者麻烦的运动障碍方面显示出疗效,同时在运动和非运动症状以及QoL方面都显示出益处。

原文出处:
Freire‐Alvarez E, Kurča E, Lopez Manzanares L, et al. Levodopa‐Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Reduces Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease in a Randomized Trial. Mov Disord. Published online July 8, 2021:mds.28703. doi:10.1002/mds.28703

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    2022-01-08 cmsvly
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    2021-09-27 lishizhe
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Mov Disord : 帕金森患者中,死亡率如何随时间变化?

虽然PD的死亡率总体上只有轻微的增加,但随着疾病的发展,死亡率逐渐增加。

拓展阅读

综述|重复经颅磁刺激治疗帕金森病言语障碍研究进展

rTMS在PD言语障碍的治疗中取得了良好的效果,但目前研究的数量较少,未来还需要更多大规模和大样本量的随机对照试验来进一步验证和支持其效果。

帕金森病:认知障碍From PD-MCI to PDD

帕金森病的认知能力下降与胆碱能系统退化有关,这可以使用基底前脑体积的结构性MRI标记物和皮质胆碱能活性的PET测量在体内进行评估。

帕金森病:睡眠障碍与昼夜节律

帕金森病是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,具有运动和非运动症状,包括睡眠功能障碍。非运动症状对生活质量有负面影响,并且通常比运动症状更令人烦恼。

European Radiology:使用多模态PET/MRI放射组学识别帕金森病和多系统萎缩

放射组学是指从医学影像中高通量提取丰富的影像信息,以辅助医生做出最准确的诊断。现阶段,放射组学已广泛应用于肿瘤学研究,如肿瘤的诊断、分级、疗效评估、预后预测等。

AAN 2024大会盛况回顾,带您领略神经病学新高度!

作为神经科医生,您一定对AAN 2024年大会充满期待。我们为您精心整理了大会内容解读,包括最新研究成果、临床实践经验和未来发展趋势等,让您足不出户就能领略到大会的精彩盛况!点击立即查看别错过!

AAN 2024:突触核蛋白皮肤活检在帕金森病的初步诊断的临床实践

帕金森病早期准确诊断是一项尚未满足的重大需求,这对于早期干预和预后改善有着重要的影响。

2024 NICE 诊断指南:帕金森病远程监测设备 [DG51]

英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(NICE,National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) · 2024-01-25

2023 NICE 技术鉴定指南:左旋多巴/卡比多巴组合治疗伴有运动症状的晚期帕金森病[TA934]

英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(NICE,National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) · 2023-11-29

帕金森病患者睡眠障碍评估与护理干预的最佳证据总结

浙江中医药大学护理学院 · 2023-08-10

早中期帕金森病患者运动管理的最佳证据总结

山东第一医科大学附属省立医院老年神经内科 · 2023-05-10