Lancet Oncol:局部病灶切除对转移性乳腺癌患者生存并无获益

2015-09-17 MedSci MedSci原创

The Lancet Oncology近期发表了一篇开放标签随机对照研究,结果显示对原发Ⅳ期乳腺癌患者进行手术切除并无获益。不过,同期也发表了一篇述评,肯定了本研究的意义,同时指出了研究的一些局限性,并预测未来手术治疗已发生转移的乳腺癌患者的方式将有所改变。过去100年间,乳腺癌治疗的基本理念已从仅进行局部治疗转变为可能从最开始就进行全身治疗——大部分接受了局部治疗(手术、放疗或手术+放疗)和

The Lancet Oncology近期发表了一篇开放标签随机对照研究,结果显示对原发Ⅳ期乳腺癌患者进行手术切除并无获益。不过,同期也发表了一篇述评,肯定了本研究的意义,同时指出了研究的一些局限性,并预测未来手术治疗已发生转移的乳腺癌患者的方式将有所改变。

过去100年间,乳腺癌治疗的基本理念已从仅进行局部治疗转变为可能从最开始就进行全身治疗——大部分接受了局部治疗(手术、放疗或手术+放疗)和全身治疗的患者都表现出了治愈的可能性。在很多癌症中心,最开始就表现出乳腺癌转移的患者不到10%,这些患者都会主要给予全身治疗。然而“这些患者是否还需要接受局部治疗手术切除原发肿瘤”的问题尚不明确。对于这个问题,回顾性研究得出了褒贬不一的结论。Fisher和同事的动物实验数据显示手术切除原发肿瘤会加速转移进展,说明手术甚至可能是有害的。

这项研究选择来自孟买塔塔纪念医院(Tata Memorial Hospital),65岁以下未治疗的乳腺癌患者,预期寿命超过1年,有原发性转移性乳腺癌患者。r按1:1随机分组,一组采用直接局部处理,包括原发乳腺肿瘤,腋下淋巴结进行切除,对照组则没有进行局部处理。随机分层按远处转移灶,转移结节的数量和激素受体状态。在随机化前,可切除的原发性肿瘤患者能接受内分泌治疗,而那些不可切除的,则计划采用化疗6-8个周期。


研究结果显示,350例患者随机分为两组,局部手术处理的为173例,局部未进行手术处理为177例。中位随访时间为23个月(IQR 12.2-38.7),共有235位患者死亡,其中局部治疗组为118例,无局部手术处理组为117例。中位OS在局部手术组为19.2个月(95%CI:15.98-22.46),对照组为20.5个月(16.96-23.98),两组相比HR为1.04 (95%CI:0.81-1.34,p=0.79)。两年OS分别为41.9%和43.0%,也无显著统计学差异。

Badwe和同事本研究结果显示,手术对原发Ⅳ期乳腺癌患者生存并无获益。

当然,研究者承认研究存在一些局限性。中位总生存OS约为20个月,低于发展中国家患者预期值,大多数患者是对化疗应答后被随机分组的,因此实际上是研究手术对化疗后原发性乳腺癌是否有获益。现代的治疗理念是对适宜的患者应用靶向治疗,但仅有7%的雌激素受体阳性患者被给予了内分泌治疗,2%的HER2阳性患者接受了抗HER2治疗。而对于已应用于临床的更新的药物6,如CDK4/6抑制剂,预期会有更好的疾病控制作用和更长的控制时间。那么对于接受这些药物治疗的患者,手术是否实际会带来更好的总体预后获益?接受两种抗HER2药物(曲妥珠单抗和帕妥珠单抗)联用化疗的患者,总生存已得到延长,关于手术的结论还会是正确的么?7值得一提的是手术组比对照组有更差的远端无疾病生存,这也许证实了临床前研究的结果,尽管该现象也可用非手术患者早期局部进展的确认偏倚解释。

所以这就是最终的答案吗?所有已公布结果的试验都已成为历史,而医学是处理当前患者数据的艺术与科学,因此任何人都不能简单的忽视手术缺乏获益的报告。然而,临床管理上的一项进展正在挑战这些数据的适用性。现代CT检测,尤其在应用于肺部时,可以检测出2mm大小的病灶,几年以前是无法做到这一点的,那些患者往往不能肯定是否已发生转移。对于Badwe团队的研究数据的不严谨解释有可能得出“没有任何一位发生转移的患者应当接受根治性手术”的结论,但是过去术前成像水平检测不出这么小的病灶,或许很多有小转移病灶的患者被当作无转移患者,在接受了手术和辅助治疗之后,已经被治愈了。

对于数据的挑战的核心在于:手术无获益的发生转移的患者的范围在哪?所有患者都有可能发生转移,同时局部治疗联用全身治疗已经治愈了其中很多的患者。尽管假设大部分患者已发生确定性转移,但我们不清楚该研究中患者的数量和范围。CT检测出2mm病灶的那些患者或者通过骨髓活检发现的远端转移患者或者将来使用循环肿瘤DNA能判断出转移的患者又该怎样计算?事实上,由于全身治疗变得愈发有效,那些没有任何可见转移证据的患者,或者那些接受了非常有效的治疗方案(如化疗联合双抗HER2治疗8)从而达到了病理完全应答的患者,接受原发肿瘤手术切除也几乎没有获益。

总而言之,Badwe团队所作的研究非常重要,研究给出了清晰的证据证明常规手术切除已查明发生转移的患者的原发病灶并无生存获益。然而,研究也为未来接受了非常有效的靶向治疗的患者的手术方案提供了两种可能性,如果能进一步被高质量证据支持的话,未来可能是要么所有可检测出发生转移的患者都会接受手术,要么都不接受手术。 

MedSci简评:这个研究也不是一成不变的。手术切除局部病灶的主要目的是降低患者机体的肿瘤负荷,但并没有消除转移灶,因此不改善OS也是可以预见的。但是随着新的方法引入,如靶向治疗,或肿瘤免疫治疗引入,这些方法可能对小病灶有更好的治疗作用时,局部手术降低肿瘤负荷,也许就变得有必要了。另外,这是印度的研究结果,对发展中国家有参考借鉴意义,对欧美的指导作用,也是值得推敲的。

原始出处:
Badwe R, Hawaldar R, Nair N, Kaushik R, Parmar V, Siddique S, Budrukkar A, Mittra I, Gupta S.Locoregional treatment versus no treatment of the primary tumour in metastatic breast cancer: an open-label randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Sep 9. pii: S1470-2045(15)00135-7.

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    2016-05-16 minlingfeng
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1932530, encodeId=69381932530c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5cd95305803' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#患者生存#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53058, encryptionId=5cd95305803, topicName=患者生存)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=47c5349, createdName=tastas, createdTime=Mon Jan 11 00:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2061286, encodeId=482f2061286de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7e3fe099861' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病灶切除#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70998, encryptionId=7e3fe099861, topicName=病灶切除)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6393434, createdName=ailian1202, createdTime=Sun Oct 18 06:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1864699, encodeId=30a8186469944, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Mon May 16 14:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828221, encodeId=209a18282212b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sat Jul 02 08:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1386171, encodeId=ab5e13861e152, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f08293399f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转移性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=16, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93399, encryptionId=f08293399f9, topicName=转移性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1ac22500003, createdName=1249842em09(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Sep 19 10:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1405681, encodeId=62311405681d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a5404e589d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局部#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47589, encryptionId=a5404e589d7, topicName=局部)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d14c2562456, createdName=chg122, createdTime=Sat Sep 19 10:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1570969, encodeId=069615e0969f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f42823e48d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乳腺癌患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23748, encryptionId=f42823e48d7, topicName=乳腺癌患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=37bc15724202, createdName=hanhaisha2013, createdTime=Sat Sep 19 10:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-02 howi
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    2015-09-19 chg122
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