亚太青光眼指南更新版:世界青光眼日,看指南听课程解答常见疑惑

2017-03-06 MedSci MedSci原创

3月6日是世界青光眼日,据中国流行病学研究资料显示,40岁以上人群青光眼患病率为2.6%,致盲率约30%。由于青光导致的盲是不可逆的,预计到2020年,中国将有2100万的青光眼患者,产生近630万盲人及超过1000万的视觉残障人士,给患者家庭及社会造成沉重的负担。那么关于青光眼的诊治又有哪些进展呢?  第三届亚太青光眼大会(APGC2016)于2016年7月16日圆满落幕,会议期间亚

3月6日是世界青光眼日,据中国流行病学研究资料显示,40岁以上人群青光眼患病率为2.6%,致盲率约30%。由于青光导致的盲是不可逆的,预计到2020年,中国将有2100万的青光眼患者,产生近630万盲人及超过1000万的视觉残障人士,给患者家庭及社会造成沉重的负担。那么关于青光眼的诊治又有哪些进展呢?


第三届亚太青光眼大会(APGC2016)于2016年7月16日圆满落幕,会议期间亚太青光眼学会(APGS)发布第三版亚太青光眼指南(APGG-3)。此指南距离第二版历时八年,根据眼科学的发展适时修订, 具有很高的参考指导意义。小编为大家整理了《国际眼科时讯》对指南中的重点、亮点进行的翻译、整理,以期为国内医生提供高质量的医疗参考。
1、对于角膜内皮功能不良的患者,可以局部使用碳酸酐酶抑制剂类药物么?指南是如何建议的呢? 对于严重的角膜内皮不良的患者(如:Fuchs角膜内皮营养不良,术后角膜内皮水肿),使用碳酸酐酶抑制剂类药物滴眼会造成或加重膜内皮水肿,应尽量避免。
2、目前神经保护类药物作用在青光眼治疗中有什么样的意义和地位呢? 到目前为止,我们仍没有有力证据去证实神经保护治疗的效果。钙离子结抗剂(CCB)可帮助缓解血管痉挛(如偏头痛,雷诺氏征候群);α2 受体激动剂的使用也主要基于他的降眼压作用;而NMDA(N-甲基-D-天冬门氨酸)受体阻滞剂的III期临床试验的结果也是好坏参半。 
3、如果患者合并有高血压,需要将降高血压药物调整为钙离子拮抗剂么? 如果这位患者正在服用其他的降压药物,但有进展性的青光眼损害以及明显的血管痉挛,那么CCB是可以考虑的。但CCB在和β受体阻滞剂滴眼液同时使用时可能出现严重的副作用,如导致或加重负性肌力和心脏的负性变时性。此外,还需要防止治疗过度引起的低血压。如果降血压药是1次/天的剂量,最好选择早晨服用以防夜间血压过低。监测24小时血压和脉搏也可以有效监测夜间血压水平。 
4、PGAs类的仿制药的作用效果能与原研药相媲美么? 大部分的仿制药的药效都没有与原研药进行比较过。不过有研究比较拉坦前列素滴眼液的仿制药与原研药相比,仿制药的降压效果要逊色一些。 
5、联合用药中,复合制剂(固定配方合剂)的降眼压效果与同类制剂分别单独使用(非固定配方)相同么? 一般而言,非固定配方分别滴眼的降压效果比合剂要更胜一筹。但复合制剂的优点在于使用方便,依从性高,性价比高,并减少了防腐剂对眼表的损害。 
6、有哪些药物可以用于孕期的抗青光眼治疗? 目前为止,我们仍缺乏孕期抗青光眼药物安全性的临床研究证据 。美国FDA将溴莫尼定归为B级用药(动物实验证实安全),而其他的局部抗青光眼药物定位C级(不确定,无人体或动物实验出现不安全的问题)。氩激光小梁成形术和选择性激光小梁成形术可以用来替代或减少药物的使用,必要时睫状体光凝也可考虑。但丝裂霉素C是绝对禁止在妊娠初期三月内使用的,手术在这段时间内也有较大风险。一般情况下,患者在孕晚期眼压可出现自主性的下降,因此,静观其变或许是最佳的选择。必须强调的是,α受体激动剂对婴幼儿是绝对禁止的,β受体阻滞剂在孕晚期也有抑制胎儿呼吸的风险。

指南原文
  • 2016《亚太青光眼指南》第三版

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      2017-03-19 6888

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      2017-03-18 6888

      哦名字啦咯走咯空

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      2017-03-15 6888

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      0

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