Lung Cancer :局部晚期非小细胞肺癌同步放化疗PE与PC方案比较

2012-08-16 卢秀玲 中国医学论坛报

       局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的标准治疗方案为同步放化疗,虽然目前化疗方案尚不统一,但最常见的两种方案为PE方案[依托泊苷(VP-16)+顺铂(DDP)]和PC方案[紫杉醇(TAX)+卡铂(CBP)]。PE方案较早应用于肺癌同步放化疗中,多项研究均显示PE联合同步放疗较序贯放化疗可延长患者生存期。然而晚期NSCLC的整体预后仍然欠佳。近十年

       局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的标准治疗方案为同步放化疗,虽然目前化疗方案尚不统一,但最常见的两种方案为PE方案[依托泊苷(VP-16)+顺铂(DDP)]和PC方案[紫杉醇(TAX)+卡铂(CBP)]。PE方案较早应用于肺癌同步放化疗中,多项研究均显示PE联合同步放疗较序贯放化疗可延长患者生存期。然而晚期NSCLC的整体预后仍然欠佳。近十年来,含紫杉醇的方案在单纯化疗方面取得了令人满意的效果,并广泛应用于NSCLC的同步放化疗中,以期改善NSCLC的预后。现有研究显示,局部晚期NSCLC患者采用PE和PC方案同步放化疗后的中位生存期分别为14~35个月和12~28个月。

       虽然目前在美国NSCLC的同步放化疗中PC方案较为常用,但PE方案更为方便、经济,二者孰优孰劣,尚欠缺随机对照研究的直接对比,而我国学者首次开展了在局部晚期NSCLC同步放化疗中对照PE和PC方案的多中心随机对照Ⅱ期研究。该研究被接收作为第52届美国放射肿瘤学会(ASTRO)的大会发言,并于近期发表于《肺癌》 [Lung Cancer 2012,77(1):89]。

       研究概述
          
            
       局部晚期NSCLC同步放化疗中化疗方案的探索

       铂类 晚期NSCLC最早的同步放化疗研究是关于铂类的单药研究,DDP可以抑制亚致死性损伤的修复,但需要较大剂量才能实现。欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(EORTC)的Ⅲ期临床试验显示DDP联合放疗可显著改善局部晚期NSCLC患者生存。亦有随机研究探讨了放疗联合CBP方案,但均未能提示CBP的放射增敏作用。这在一定程度上也能解释该研究中两组的生存差异。

       依托泊苷 VP-16可抑制DNA复制,体外研究显示放疗联合VP-16可增强细胞杀伤力,放疗后的亚致死性损伤可被VP-16破坏成致死性损伤。临床上多采用VP-16联合DDP的方案化疗。SWOG 9019、 RTOG 9410、NPC 9501等一系列前瞻性随机研究显示PE应用于同步放化疗后,局部晚期NSCLC患者中位生存期提高至14~35个月。

       紫杉醇类 紫杉醇是研究最多的与放疗联合的药物。研究显示紫杉醇在S549肺癌细胞系中有放疗增敏作用,但停用紫杉醇后,放射增敏性很快消失,故有学者认为长时间输注紫杉醇较大剂量密集使用能延长细胞毒性反应,更好地发挥放疗增敏作用。

       PC方案是局部晚期NSCLC同步放化疗研究的热点,BROCAST、CALGB 9431等研究也证实了该方案的有效性和安全性,但在CALGB 39801研究中,同步放化疗组的中位生存期仅有12个月,并不优于既往序贯治疗的结果。虽然近期发表的WJTOG 0105研究显示,不可切除的Ⅲ期NSCLC患者采用PC方案同步放化疗后中位生存期能达到22个月,但研究中MVP方案(DDP + 丝裂霉素 +长春地辛)和伊立替康+CBP方案治疗组结果亦优于其他文献中的报告。

       PE可能优于PC 考虑PE组疗效优于PC组的原因主要有两方面:①既往研究证实了DDP的放疗增敏作用,但CBP并未显示出相应的作用;②本研究所采用的PC治疗方案的整体强度要弱于3周化疗方案,疗效的下降可能与剂量降低相关,而这也在CALGB 39801等研究中得到了证实。

       不同方案毒性作用谱可能不同 综上所述,局部晚期NSCLC同步放化疗的化疗方案从早期单药顺铂到目前以含铂类的方案为主的同步治疗,表现为化疗方案渐趋集中、用法逐渐走向规范化。由于研究的设计和结果都存在差异,且缺乏大样本、头对头直接比较的Ⅲ期临床研究,目前很难判断所有同步放化疗的化疗方案的优劣。在毒副作用方面,文献报告含紫杉醇方案治疗后的放射性肺炎发生率较高,达到4%~19%,而顺铂+VP16方案的发生率仅为0~7%,结果与本研究一致。另外该研究中PE组中性粒细胞减少发生率较高,两组放射性食管炎发生比例相近,均说明PE和PC方案在毒副作用谱上的不同之处,这与多数相关研究结果一致。

       须注意的是,局部晚期NSCLC同步放化疗后,失败率仍较高,故需要探索新的治疗模式来提高疗效,如新的化疗药物,加大化疗强度,提高放疗剂量,联合靶向治疗等。

       ■ 点评

       中国医学科学院肿瘤医院放疗科 惠周光

       PC每周方案暂不能成为同步放化疗的最佳推荐方案

       我国肺癌每年的新发病例和死亡病例均在40万以上,其中1/4的病例为不可切除的局部晚期NSCLC,需行同步放化疗。PE和PC方案是目前同步放化疗中的最为常用的化疗方案,但有关两种方案优缺点的比较性研究目前鲜有报告。该研究头对头比较了同步放化疗中PE方案和PC每周方案的优缺点,结果对临床实践具有较高的参考价值。

        对于肺癌的同步放化疗,治疗的毒副作用直接影响放疗剂量和化疗方案的完成率,从而进一步影响疗效。肺癌同步放化疗影响生存的主要毒副作用为放射性肺炎。该研究中PC 方案组≥2度放射性肺炎的发生率为48.5%,显著高于PE方案(25%),这可能与紫杉醇本身的作用有关。近期一项荟萃分析(6月9日在线发表于Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys)亦显示:与PE方案相比,PC方案显著增加≥2度放射性肺炎的发生率(P<0.001);所谓的放射性肺炎,除了与放疗剂量、照射体积等放疗参数有关外,还与化疗与否及方案的选择密不可分。

       该研究设计严谨,分析科学规范,获得了一个客观的结论:基于现有的研究结果,PC每周方案的PFS并不优于经典PE方案,且OS较PE方案低,毒副作用较大,暂时不能成为同步放化疗的最佳推荐方案;若两者相比,仍推荐PE为同步放化疗的使用方案。另外,PE方案还具有给药方便(4周方案)、经济的特点,有助于缓解我国目前医疗卫生资源相对紧缺的现状。

       该研究为日后NSCLC同步放化疗标准化的开展提供了新的理论依据和思路。此外,该研究提示,目前化疗方案更新速度较快,对于一些单药可获益的化疗药物,同步放化疗是否也会有获益仍需临床实践进一步证实;对于某些经典的化疗方案,其在放疗增敏方面仍有自身的优势。

       当然,我们也应注意到,该研究样本量有限,该研究的样本量是基于既往单项研究的OS计算得出,后续研究可以考虑将PFS和毒副作用,尤其是放射性肺炎和血液学毒性反应等也纳入估算范畴,以期能获得更有说服力的结果。同步放化疗中PE方案在疗效和毒副作用方面的优势还需要大规模Ⅲ期临床研究的证实。另外,临床上常用的其他方案(如长春瑞滨+DDP)及新型的靶向药物与放疗同步应用是否具有更大的优势也需要在将来的临床研究中予以关注。 

链接;

Wang L,Wu S,Ou G,Bi N,Li W,Ren H,Cao J,Liang J,Li J,Zhou Z,Lv J,Zhang X.Randomized phase II study of concurrent cisplatin/etoposide or paclitaxel/carboplatin and thoracic radiotherapy in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer.Lung Cancer 2012 Mar 12

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1786898, encodeId=f64d1e8689853, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=da78138895f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PC方案#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13889, encryptionId=da78138895f, topicName=PC方案)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce68183, createdName=xiongke010, createdTime=Wed Nov 21 15:28:00 CST 2012, time=2012-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1650695, encodeId=8bef1650695c0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ffae4e614b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局部晚期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47614, encryptionId=ffae4e614b6, topicName=局部晚期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=901d24099859, createdName=yhy100208, createdTime=Tue Apr 23 23:28:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2059420, encodeId=2032205942095, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2cc599381bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非小细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99381, encryptionId=2cc599381bd, topicName=非小细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智智灵药, createdTime=Mon Apr 22 06:28:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725444, encodeId=5e7b1e25444db, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Mon Oct 29 04:28:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1287850, encodeId=5bab128e85064, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4d185e31825' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#放化疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57318, encryptionId=4d185e31825, topicName=放化疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=310e209, createdName=yzh399, createdTime=Sat Aug 18 07:28:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1405627, encodeId=d806140562e56, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a5404e589d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局部#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47589, encryptionId=a5404e589d7, topicName=局部)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d14c2562456, createdName=chg122, createdTime=Sat Aug 18 07:28:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1516658, encodeId=3d9715166585e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a8183896891' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#同步放化疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38968, encryptionId=a8183896891, topicName=同步放化疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c1dd10999249, createdName=12498e0fm81暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Aug 18 07:28:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1786898, encodeId=f64d1e8689853, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=da78138895f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PC方案#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13889, encryptionId=da78138895f, topicName=PC方案)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce68183, createdName=xiongke010, createdTime=Wed Nov 21 15:28:00 CST 2012, time=2012-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1650695, encodeId=8bef1650695c0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ffae4e614b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局部晚期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47614, encryptionId=ffae4e614b6, topicName=局部晚期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=901d24099859, createdName=yhy100208, createdTime=Tue Apr 23 23:28:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2059420, encodeId=2032205942095, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2cc599381bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非小细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99381, encryptionId=2cc599381bd, topicName=非小细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智智灵药, createdTime=Mon Apr 22 06:28:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725444, encodeId=5e7b1e25444db, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Mon Oct 29 04:28:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1287850, encodeId=5bab128e85064, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4d185e31825' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#放化疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57318, encryptionId=4d185e31825, topicName=放化疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=310e209, createdName=yzh399, createdTime=Sat Aug 18 07:28:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1405627, encodeId=d806140562e56, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a5404e589d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局部#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47589, encryptionId=a5404e589d7, topicName=局部)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d14c2562456, createdName=chg122, createdTime=Sat Aug 18 07:28:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1516658, encodeId=3d9715166585e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a8183896891' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#同步放化疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38968, encryptionId=a8183896891, topicName=同步放化疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c1dd10999249, createdName=12498e0fm81暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Aug 18 07:28:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-10-29 feather89
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    2012-08-18 yzh399
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    2012-08-18 chg122
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