病例:贪吃螺肉有风险,mNGS检出儿童广州管圆线虫感染

2017-12-06 Juka 华大医学

人是广州管圆线虫(Angiostrongylus cantonensis)的非正常宿主,常因进食了含广州管圆线虫幼虫的生或半生螺肉或被软体动物分泌物污染的食物而感染。幼虫常侵及人中枢神经系统 (CNS) 进而导致嗜酸性粒细胞增多性 (≥10%) 脑膜脑炎或脑膜炎。


人是广州管圆线虫(Angiostrongylus cantonensis)的非正常宿主,常因进食了含广州管圆线虫幼虫的生或半生螺肉或被软体动物分泌物污染的食物而感染。幼虫常侵及人中枢神经系统 (CNS) 进而导致嗜酸性粒细胞增多性 (≥10%) 脑膜脑炎或脑膜炎。

临床常规采用脑脊液病原体镜检、特异性抗原或抗体检测等方法用于广州管圆线虫的检测。但脑脊液中寄生虫数量较低,血清学存在交叉反应,急性发病期抗体检测缺乏敏感性等问题制约着广州管圆线虫的快速检出。

案例回放

患儿,男,11岁,以“反复发热、头晕10天”为主诉就诊于泉州市儿童医院。10天前出现低热,后体温渐升,热峰38.3℃,热型不规则,伴精神疲乏、头晕,偶有头痛。曾就诊于当地医院,予口服及静滴药物治疗  (具体不详),病情无好转,体温仍反复。发病以来,患儿精神倦怠,进食量稍减少,睡眠尚可,大小便正常,体重无明显减轻。

发热入院,经验用药体温得控

10月17日

入院查体:T:38.2℃,P:93次/分,R:21次/分,W:32Kg。神志清楚,精神倦怠,无特殊面容,呼吸平稳,面色红润。体格检查未有异常。

血常规:WBC 19.3×109/L↑ ,中性粒细胞 67.8 % , 淋巴细胞16.9 % , 嗜酸性细胞百分比 6.7%↑,嗜酸性细胞绝对值1.29×109/L↑,HGB 133g/L,PLT 319×109/L,PCT<0.1ng/ml ,CRP:0.50 mg/L。

10月18日

转入泉州市儿童医院神经内科治疗,颅脑MRI结果显示左侧顶叶皮层下少许异常信号,需结合临床随访。脑脊液常规:无色,微混;Pandy试验阳性;细胞数 2.645×109/L↑,多核 47%,单个核 53%;蛋白定量640mg/L↑,糖 1.95mmol/L↓,氯化物 117mmol/L。

涂片未见细菌、新型隐球菌,结核杆菌涂片未见抗酸杆菌。T淋巴细胞亚群检测正常、体液免疫功能检测显示正常。入院后予头孢曲松 (罗氏芬) 抗感染、地塞米松抗炎等治疗,之后5天体温降至正常。

溯觅寻因,病毒细菌鉴定未果

10月19日

禽流感病毒H7N9阴性;肥达氏、外斐氏反应阴性;EB病毒抗体谱:EBV衣壳抗原和核抗原IgG抗体阳性,EBV衣壳抗原IgM抗体阴性,血液中EBV DNA<500拷贝/ml,提示EB病毒既往感染。

10月21日

脑脊液复查:无色、微混;Pandy试验阴性;细胞数0.906×109/L↑,多核35%,单个核65%;蛋白定量340mg/L,糖2.68mmol/L,氯化物117mmol/L,涂片未见细菌、隐球菌、抗酸杆菌。脑脊液培养三天结果回报阴性,两个部位血培养四天结果回报未见细菌生长。

发热又起,外送鉴出元凶

22-28日

22日复查血常规:WBC 23.1×109/L↑,中性粒细胞68.0 %,淋巴细胞12.9%,嗜酸性细胞百分比9.3%↑, 嗜酸性细胞绝对值2.15×109/L ↑,HGB 133g/L,PLT 347×109/L;CRP:0.50 mg/L。

25日再次出现发热,复查血常规:白细胞仍升高,嗜酸性细胞百分比23.6%↑,嗜酸性细胞绝对值2.99×109/L↑。脑脊液复查:细胞数、蛋白仍升高,予加用万古霉素抗感染治疗,患儿仍反复发热,无诉头晕、头痛,无呕吐。

29-31日

在医院多方努力鉴定未果,患儿仍反复发热的情况下,儿童医院林主任果断提出借助感染病原高通量基因检测技术寻找真相。临床将脑脊液样本外送华大基因进行病原检测,结果检出广州管圆线虫,序列数高达9977条 (如下图示)。追问病史,患儿告知起病前1周左右曾进食螺类食物。临床根据病史和检测结果,针对性使用广谱驱虫药肠虫清 (阿苯达唑) 治疗,最终患儿痊愈出院。


感染病原高通量基因检测结果

先验联合精准,反复发热病因渐显端倪

本文报导了1例11岁患儿因反复发热入院诊治,临床和华大基因共同努力鉴出真凶广州管圆线虫的案例。广州管圆线虫的感染并不常见,此时对于临床医生的技术和经验要求也就极高。先验主义的临床细菌、病毒鉴定限制临床对病原菌的“精准靶向”,而mNGS技术则因其无偏性全覆盖的特点助力临床对寄生虫的诊断,最终造福患者。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=269059, encodeId=3fe52690593d, content=从第一天嗜酸细胞升高就应该考虑寄生虫了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48ce1618316, createdName=stupidox, createdTime=Wed Dec 13 07:42:22 CST 2017, time=2017-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370440, encodeId=a73313e044054, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d67212e68d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NGS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12768, encryptionId=d67212e68d7, topicName=NGS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5bc315, createdName=Tommy1949, createdTime=Fri Dec 08 09:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1493420, encodeId=de0e149342079, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebbbe7621c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#线虫#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77621, encryptionId=ebbbe7621c7, topicName=线虫)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=133b9055992, createdName=zblhy, createdTime=Fri Dec 08 09:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=267370, encodeId=d5df26e370a7, content=了解了解.继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Dec 06 23:23:39 CST 2017, time=2017-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=267311, encodeId=d2f626e311ff, content=食品安全.对儿童很重要啊!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Dec 06 19:07:10 CST 2017, time=2017-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-13 stupidox

    从第一天嗜酸细胞升高就应该考虑寄生虫了

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=269059, encodeId=3fe52690593d, content=从第一天嗜酸细胞升高就应该考虑寄生虫了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48ce1618316, createdName=stupidox, createdTime=Wed Dec 13 07:42:22 CST 2017, time=2017-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370440, encodeId=a73313e044054, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d67212e68d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NGS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12768, encryptionId=d67212e68d7, topicName=NGS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5bc315, createdName=Tommy1949, createdTime=Fri Dec 08 09:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1493420, encodeId=de0e149342079, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebbbe7621c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#线虫#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77621, encryptionId=ebbbe7621c7, topicName=线虫)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=133b9055992, createdName=zblhy, createdTime=Fri Dec 08 09:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=267370, encodeId=d5df26e370a7, content=了解了解.继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Dec 06 23:23:39 CST 2017, time=2017-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=267311, encodeId=d2f626e311ff, content=食品安全.对儿童很重要啊!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Dec 06 19:07:10 CST 2017, time=2017-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-08 Tommy1949
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    2017-12-08 zblhy
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=269059, encodeId=3fe52690593d, content=从第一天嗜酸细胞升高就应该考虑寄生虫了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48ce1618316, createdName=stupidox, createdTime=Wed Dec 13 07:42:22 CST 2017, time=2017-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370440, encodeId=a73313e044054, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d67212e68d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NGS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12768, encryptionId=d67212e68d7, topicName=NGS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5bc315, createdName=Tommy1949, createdTime=Fri Dec 08 09:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1493420, encodeId=de0e149342079, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebbbe7621c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#线虫#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77621, encryptionId=ebbbe7621c7, topicName=线虫)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=133b9055992, createdName=zblhy, createdTime=Fri Dec 08 09:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=267370, encodeId=d5df26e370a7, content=了解了解.继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Dec 06 23:23:39 CST 2017, time=2017-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=267311, encodeId=d2f626e311ff, content=食品安全.对儿童很重要啊!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Dec 06 19:07:10 CST 2017, time=2017-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-06 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    了解了解.继续关注

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=269059, encodeId=3fe52690593d, content=从第一天嗜酸细胞升高就应该考虑寄生虫了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48ce1618316, createdName=stupidox, createdTime=Wed Dec 13 07:42:22 CST 2017, time=2017-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370440, encodeId=a73313e044054, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d67212e68d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NGS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12768, encryptionId=d67212e68d7, topicName=NGS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5bc315, createdName=Tommy1949, createdTime=Fri Dec 08 09:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1493420, encodeId=de0e149342079, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebbbe7621c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#线虫#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77621, encryptionId=ebbbe7621c7, topicName=线虫)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=133b9055992, createdName=zblhy, createdTime=Fri Dec 08 09:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=267370, encodeId=d5df26e370a7, content=了解了解.继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Dec 06 23:23:39 CST 2017, time=2017-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=267311, encodeId=d2f626e311ff, content=食品安全.对儿童很重要啊!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Dec 06 19:07:10 CST 2017, time=2017-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-06 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    食品安全.对儿童很重要啊!

    0