孩子们如何从无聊中获益?

2016-09-28 佚名 生物谷

从书籍、艺术和体育课堂到iPad和电视,很多父母都会尽力做好任何一件事情来对孩子进行更好地教育,但如果孩子时不时地感到无聊又会怎么样呢?这会不会影响孩子的健康和发育呢? 20世纪90年代当我(原文笔者)开始研究电视对青少年说谎的影响时,我就开始意识到厌倦情绪和儿童之间的关系了;当在英国诺福克的5个不同的学校里阅读了成百上千个10-12岁儿童的故事时,我惊讶地发现这些故事几乎都非常缺乏想象

从书籍、艺术和体育课堂到iPad和电视,很多父母都会尽力做好任何一件事情来对孩子进行更好地教育,但如果孩子时不时地感到无聊又会怎么样呢?这会不会影响孩子的健康和发育呢?

20世纪90年代当我(原文笔者)开始研究电视对青少年说谎的影响时,我就开始意识到厌倦情绪和儿童之间的关系了;当在英国诺福克的5个不同的学校里阅读了成百上千个10-12岁儿童的故事时,我惊讶地发现这些故事几乎都非常缺乏想象力,于是乎我就想知道这种现象是否部分是由看电视所产生的影响;早期研究结果发现,看电视的确会降低儿童的想象力

比如,20世纪80年代在加拿大进行的一项大型研究中,研究者表示,当时随着电视在全国不断普及,我们对比了三个社区的儿童,其中一个社区有4个电视频道,一个社区仅有1个电视频道,而另一个社区则没有电视,随后研究者在两种情况下对这三个社区进行了研究,在其中一个小镇第一次有电视之前,以及两年后;研究结果表明,生长在没有电视的乡镇的儿童在发散思考技能上要明显高于其它两个地区的儿童,而发散思考技能是测定想象力的一个参数,直到该社区有电视后研究者发现,儿童的思考技能就会下降到和其它两个社区儿童相同的水平。

看电视对儿童想象力明显的抑制效应当值得研究者关切,想象力非常重要,其不仅能够丰富个人的亲身经历,而且对于个人同理心(Empathy)的发育也非常关键,即站在别人的立场上想自己;同时想象力对于个人能力的提升和改变也是必不可少的;而厌烦/无聊情绪的重要性就表现为儿童通常会依赖电视或者电子设备从而使他们不再无聊。

在我从事研究后的一些年里,我开始注意到一些创意专家所说的无聊对于儿童创造力的重要性,于是我对其中的一些专家进行了采访,其中一名便是既是作家又是演员的Meera Syal,她叙述了她如何利用假期时间望着窗外美好的农村景色,与此同时她还进行了自己领域外的

很多事情,比如与隔壁的老太太学习如何烤蛋糕,她还可以利用无聊的时光来写日记,她表示,她很自由而且更加具有创造力,只是因为她可以随心所欲地填充自己的时间。

类似地,著名的神经科学家Susan Greenfield表示,她小时候几乎无事可做,于是她就开始画画和创意写作,这些为她后期从事人类行为学的科学研究的开展奠定了坚实的基础,如今在飞机上她依然会选择纸笔,同时她还很期待这些弥足珍贵的紧缺时间。运动、音乐和其它结构化的活动都会对儿童的身体发育、认知、语言及社会活动产生一定的益处,但儿童自己本身也需要时间,他们需要关闭与外界世界的来往,比如做个白日梦,追求自己的想法,或者是发现个人的兴趣爱好等。

我们并不必需要特定的创造性才能或者智力倾向来从无聊中获益,时不时地让我们的心灵漫步才是最重要的,这似乎对每个人的精神健康都非常重要,甚至有一项研究表明,如果我们同时参与一些低调要求不高的活动时,我们走神的思想就更易于提出一些更富有想象力的想法以及问题的解决措施。

要怎么对待一个“无聊”的孩子?

如果孩子抱怨无聊时,父母通常会感觉到内疚,但实际上我们更应当视无聊为一种机会而不是一种缺失,父母通常在其中就扮演着重要的角色,但匆忙使用现成的解决方案似乎是没有什么帮助的,孩子通常需要成年人围绕在他们跟前来帮助他们理解创造自己的消遣方式需要时间和空间,当然他们还将会需要一些材料,但并不是复杂的材料,简单的东西往往更加通用,我们都说过孩子往往会忽略昂贵的礼物,孩子们甚至会用一个盒子很愉快地玩耍,对于年长的儿童而言,放大镜、一些木板或者一筐子毛线或许都能够让他们快乐地玩上好久。

但儿童们往往能够通过潜在的无聊时光来获得更大的益处,事实上在日常的生活中,孩子们就需要一些内部的资源和材料,诸如好奇心、忍耐力、兴趣爱好和自信心等素质都能够帮助孩子们探索、开发创造力、观察力和注意力,如果某些事情失败的话,这些素质也能够帮助孩子们学会如何不被打败,通过鼓励孩子这些能力的发育,父母们通常就会给孩子们带来一生有价值的东西。

如果孩子们黔驴技穷了,给他们一些挑战来促进他们继续更加富有想象力地娱乐,当然这包括了很多,比如让孩子们去寻找他们的恐龙玩具喜欢的食物,或者让孩子们和朋友们一起创建一些图片故事等。很多父母都同意孩子们想要提高自我依赖性,即孩子们自己采取行动且独立思考;为孩子们提供培养条件并且相信孩子们有参与自己思想的自然倾向,这或许更能帮助孩子们提高自身的独立性和活力。

实际上,这给我们大家都上了很好的一课,忘掉工作,不做任何事情,让我们的大脑翱翔对于我们成年人也很有益处,我们或许都应该做更多相关的事情来放松身心。

参考资料:

【1】Television and imagination: an investigation of the medium's influence on children's story-making

Media Culture & Society    doi: 10.1177/016344301023006007

【2】The Impact of television : a natural experiment in three communities

【3】Feeling Bored? Make Something of It!

【4】About Susan

【5】From signing to ‘sensory’: can trendy baby classes really boost a child’s development?

【6】Inspired by Distraction Mind Wandering Facilitates Creative Incubation

Psychological Science    doi: 10.1177/0956797612446024

【7】How kids can benefit from boredom

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    2016-10-22 cjingjuan

    电视祸害也太多了

    0

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    2016-10-01 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    勾起他们天马行空的想象!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1744310, encodeId=cc2e1e443109b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f03c5912239' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无聊#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59122, encryptionId=f03c5912239, topicName=无聊)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=df9035322715, createdName=gao_jian4229, createdTime=Sun Jan 15 21:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=150387, encodeId=a8ef15038e03, content=电视祸害也太多了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Sat Oct 22 18:08:05 CST 2016, time=2016-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138359, encodeId=44751383597d, content=勾起他们天马行空的想象!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:23:39 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138358, encodeId=39b313835837, content=引起好奇心最好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:22:58 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138357, encodeId=192213835e64, content=学习了,分享一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:22:03 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137431, encodeId=a25113e431ca, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 22:56:03 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137430, encodeId=3cb313e43073, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 22:55:56 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-01 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    引起好奇心最好!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1744310, encodeId=cc2e1e443109b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f03c5912239' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无聊#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59122, encryptionId=f03c5912239, topicName=无聊)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=df9035322715, createdName=gao_jian4229, createdTime=Sun Jan 15 21:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=150387, encodeId=a8ef15038e03, content=电视祸害也太多了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Sat Oct 22 18:08:05 CST 2016, time=2016-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138359, encodeId=44751383597d, content=勾起他们天马行空的想象!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:23:39 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138358, encodeId=39b313835837, content=引起好奇心最好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:22:58 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138357, encodeId=192213835e64, content=学习了,分享一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:22:03 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137431, encodeId=a25113e431ca, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 22:56:03 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137430, encodeId=3cb313e43073, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 22:55:56 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-01 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    学习了,分享一下!

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1744310, encodeId=cc2e1e443109b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f03c5912239' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无聊#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59122, encryptionId=f03c5912239, topicName=无聊)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=df9035322715, createdName=gao_jian4229, createdTime=Sun Jan 15 21:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=150387, encodeId=a8ef15038e03, content=电视祸害也太多了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Sat Oct 22 18:08:05 CST 2016, time=2016-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138359, encodeId=44751383597d, content=勾起他们天马行空的想象!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:23:39 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138358, encodeId=39b313835837, content=引起好奇心最好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:22:58 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138357, encodeId=192213835e64, content=学习了,分享一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:22:03 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137431, encodeId=a25113e431ca, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 22:56:03 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137430, encodeId=3cb313e43073, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 22:55:56 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-28 知难而进

    继续关注!

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1744310, encodeId=cc2e1e443109b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f03c5912239' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无聊#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59122, encryptionId=f03c5912239, topicName=无聊)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=df9035322715, createdName=gao_jian4229, createdTime=Sun Jan 15 21:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=150387, encodeId=a8ef15038e03, content=电视祸害也太多了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Sat Oct 22 18:08:05 CST 2016, time=2016-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138359, encodeId=44751383597d, content=勾起他们天马行空的想象!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:23:39 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138358, encodeId=39b313835837, content=引起好奇心最好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:22:58 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138357, encodeId=192213835e64, content=学习了,分享一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:22:03 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137431, encodeId=a25113e431ca, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 22:56:03 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137430, encodeId=3cb313e43073, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 22:55:56 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-28 知难而进

    谢谢分享!

    0

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