Neuron & Cell Rep:朊病毒样特殊蛋白或可维持机体的长效记忆

2015-07-07 佚名 生物谷

近日,发表于国际杂志Neuron和Cell Reports上的两篇研究论文中,来自哥伦比亚大学医学中心的研究人员通过研究揭开了大脑维持长效记忆的秘诀,文章中研究者发现,朊病毒样蛋白质对于维持小鼠及其它哺乳动物大脑的长期记忆非常关键,而朊病毒样蛋白是一种类似于朊病毒的蛋白,朊病毒可以引发库杰二氏病和疯牛病等。 当长效记忆在大脑中形成后,就会在神经元间建立新的连接来帮助储存记忆,但这种物理性的连接必

近日,发表于国际杂志NeuronCell Reports上的两篇研究论文中,来自哥伦比亚大学医学中心的研究人员通过研究揭开了大脑维持长效记忆的秘诀,文章中研究者发现,朊病毒样蛋白质对于维持小鼠及其它哺乳动物大脑的长期记忆非常关键,而朊病毒样蛋白是一种类似于朊病毒的蛋白,朊病毒可以引发库杰二氏病和疯牛病等。

当长效记忆在大脑中形成后,就会在神经元间建立新的连接来帮助储存记忆,但这种物理性的连接必须作为一种记忆来进行维持,随着时间流逝这些记忆都会消散,很多研究者目前都在寻找可以维持长效记忆的分子,但目前并没有任何头绪;这项研究中,研究者所发现的记忆性分子是朊病毒蛋白的正常版本,朊病毒是一类特殊的具有感染性的蛋白,并不像其它蛋白,朊病毒会进行自我增殖,同时还会诱导其它蛋白呈现出可替换的形状。

当朊病毒在细胞中,尤其是在神经元中形成时,其就会通过形成聚集物来引发细胞损伤,朊病毒的聚集物具有较高的稳定性,而且其会在所感染的组织中进行累积,引发组织损伤和细胞死亡。死亡的细胞会释放朊病毒蛋白,随后就会被其它细胞所吸收,进而感染朊病毒,朊病毒作为异常的蛋白质会引发疯牛病,同时其还和多种神经变性疾病的发病有关,比如阿尔兹海默氏症等。

相反,具功能性的朊病毒蛋白在细胞中扮演着重要的生理学功能,但其却并不会引发疾病发生。研究者Kausik Si说道,我们在海螺中鉴别出了功能性的朊病毒,而且发现这些朊病毒可以维持长效的记忆力,而且最近研究者通过在实验室研究,在小鼠机体中发现了一种名为CPEB3的类似朊病毒的蛋白也具有维持机体长效记忆的功能。

随后研究者揭示了神经元细胞中CPEB3蛋白如何进行长期记忆的维持,类似于引发疾病的朊病毒,功能性的朊病毒颗粒有两种类型,可溶解形式和易于聚集的形式;当机体形成长期记忆时,新的突触连接就会形成,随后突触中可溶解的朊病毒就会转化成为聚集性的朊病毒,这种聚集性的朊病毒会开启维持大脑长期记忆的蛋白质合成过程。

随着这种聚集作用的进行,大脑中的长效记忆就会被维持住,朊病毒聚集物会通过持续性地将可溶解的朊病毒转化为聚集形式的蛋白来进行更新再生;最后研究者表示,在人类机体中或许也存在类似功能的蛋白来维持大脑的长期记忆,当然后期还需要更多研究来证实,长期记忆过程是一项非常复杂的过程,而且在其过程中还涉及许多其它的调节性组分,因此研究者后期还将寻找一些新型的对于长期记忆功能维持非常重要的组分。

原始出处:

Luana Fioriti, Cory Myers, Yan-You Huang, Xiang Li, Joseph S. Stephan, Pierre Trifilieff, Luca Colnaghi, Stylianos Kosmidis, Bettina Drisaldi, Elias Pavlopoulos, Eric R. Kandel.The Persistence of Hippocampal-Based Memory Requires Protein Synthesis Mediated by the Prion-like Protein CPEB3.Neuron, June 11, 2015.

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    2015-10-06 智智灵药
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    2015-11-04 by2021
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    2015-07-09 保守主义

    再学一次

    0

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    2015-07-08 huaxipanxing

    看看

    0

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    2015-07-07 lovetcm

    好与坏,其实有时候很难分辨

    0

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    2015-07-07 保守主义

    基础医学进步好快

    0

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