Cell Metab:这么吃能改变肠道菌群!还能降低肝脏脂肪!

2018-03-16 Yui 转化医学网

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)是指除酒精外其他明确的损肝因素所致的肝细胞内脂肪过度沉积为主要特征的临床病理综合征。随着肥胖及其相关代谢综合征全球化的流行趋势,非酒精性脂肪性肝病现已成为欧美等发达国家和我国富裕地区慢性肝病的重要病因,普通成人NAFLD患病率10%~30%,其中10%~20%为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎,后者10年内肝硬化

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)是指除酒精外其他明确的损肝因素所致的肝细胞内脂肪过度沉积为主要特征的临床病理综合征。随着肥胖及其相关代谢综合征全球化的流行趋势,非酒精性脂肪性肝病现已成为欧美等发达国家和我国富裕地区慢性肝病的重要病因,普通成人NAFLD患病率10%~30%,其中10%~20%为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎,后者10年内肝硬化发生率高达25%。

到目前为止,阻止该疾病进展的最有效方法是低碳水化合物饮食,同时,也有相关证据表明肠道菌群与NAFLD的发展密切相关。但迄今为止并没有相关的研究将饮食干预,肠道菌群和NAFLD联合分析研究。

然而3月6日发表在《Cell Metabolism》上一篇名为“An integrated understanding of the rapid metabolic benefits of a carbohydrate-restricted diet on hepatic steatosis in humans”的研究将低碳水化合物饮食,肠道菌群与NAFLD这三者进行了分析调查,结果显示:

在维持体重不变的情况下,低碳水化合物饮食能引起肠道菌群的变化并最终导致肝脏脂肪含量的下降伴随肝损伤和炎症标志物的减少。

有效降低肝脏脂肪

研究人员对10例NAFLD患者进行为期两周的低碳水化合物饮食干预及生理分析。为了排除体重降低对该研究的影响,研究人员在总热量不变的情况下降低碳水化合物比例,同时增加蛋白质的摄入,甚至在两周内为患者配备营养师,只要期间患者体重降低超过0.2公斤,营养师则会增加饮食总热量确保试验期间患者的腰围不变。

即使试验期间尽量排除了体重降低的因素,但在两周内患者还是出现了轻微的体重下降(1.8% ± 0.2%)。同时令人欣喜的是,与体重的小幅下降相比,

所有试验者的肝脏脂肪都显着减少,平均减少43.8%!

尤其是饮食干预的第一天,肝脏脂肪的下降最显着!并与肝脏总体积的减少水平保持一致。

与此同时,不仅仅是肝脏脂肪的下降,患者体内的极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)含量平均下降56.7%!空腹甘油三酯平均下降48.8%!

为了进一步验证如此有效的下降是饮食控制的结果。研究人员对其中7位患者在实验结束后进行了为期三个月的随访,在恢复正常饮食后,这7位患者的肝脏脂肪和其他生物指标都回到了饮食干预前的水平。

降低全身炎症反应

以往的研究已经证明高碳水化合物的摄入与较高的炎症有关。在该实验期间,研究人员调查了分析了一系列与炎症的相关的血浆蛋白,结果显示,大多数炎症标志物都显着减少,尤其是血浆中的白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的浓度显着降低。


减少碳水化合物的消耗可以改善脂肪肝的肝脂代谢,减少肥胖受试者的炎症

碳水化合物与肠道菌群的关系

为了研究肠道菌群如何受到饮食干预的影响,研究人员在实验的当天,第1天,第3天,第7天和第14天对患者的粪便样品进行了分析检测。在这些菌群中,有94柱菌群发生了显着的改变!与上文结果相似的是,在饮食干预的第一天时,肠道菌群的变化最大!其中变化最大的菌群分别为:链球菌,乳球菌,埃格特菌,真杆菌属,梭菌属和双歧杆菌。


减少碳水化合物的消耗会迅速改变肠道微生物的组成

这项发现显示极端的饮食干预对微生物的组成和细菌的生长速度都有着巨大的影响。

肠道菌群与NAFLD有何关系呢?

通过基因标注,分析了各代谢通路的变化。研究人员发现在饮食干预的两周后,患者体内的多种代谢通路都发生了变化,其中参与叶酸代谢的各项通路显着增加,而涉及淀粉和蔗糖代谢的通路则显着降低。高蛋白低碳水化合物的饮食促进了肠道菌群代谢生产叶酸,而以往对叶酸和相关代谢物和肝脏脂肪的研究显示,叶酸缺乏会促进炎症细胞的表达并阻碍肝脏脂类的代谢,促进肝脏脂肪的堆积。


碳水化合物的减少会促进微生物向叶酸的生产转移

这项研究标志着迈向综合了解饮食,微生物群和宿主遗传学如何相互作用并促进NAFLD病理生理学的重要新步骤。基于此项研究,我们是否可以尝试使用用叶酸生产细菌进行粪便微生物移植,或者补充微量营养素(例如用叶酸)以达到类似的效果而不需要改变饮食?

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    2018-04-27 维他命
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    2018-06-22 guojianrong
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    2018-03-17 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢作者分享!

    0

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    2018-12-19 一闲
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    2018-03-16 happsf

    学习

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