Oncogene:研究发现推动癌症扩散的罪魁祸首,新的治疗靶点出现!

2018-01-30 sunshine2015 来宝网

“癌基因”杂志上发表的一项新研究揭示了一种帮助乳腺癌扩散的蛋白质。这些发现可能会导致对浸润性乳腺癌的新疗法。

乳腺癌:造成转移的蛋白被发现】“癌基因”杂志上发表的一项新研究揭示了一种帮助乳腺癌扩散的蛋白质。这些发现可能会导致对浸润性乳腺癌的新疗法。

尽管出现了许多科学进展,但是在肺癌之后,乳腺癌仍然是妇女癌症相关死亡率的第二大原因。

乳腺癌死亡的发生是由于转移,或乳腺癌从最初的肿瘤部位扩散到身体其他部位。

估计有6%至10%的新乳腺癌病例在初诊时已经发生转移。

新的研究使我们更加了解如何发生转移,以及我们可以做些什么来阻止转移。

来自英国利物浦大学癌症研究部的Ainhoa Mielgo博士领导了这项新研究,本文的第一作者是Lucy Ireland,博士。

Mielgo博士说:“更好地了解乳腺癌转移扩散的机制对于改善治疗和患者预后至关重要。

IGF荷尔蒙驱动肿瘤进展

为了获得这样的理解,Mielgo博士和她的团队研究了一类称为巨噬细胞的免疫细胞如何影响乳腺癌的传播。

正如作者所解释的那样,巨噬细胞在肿瘤的微环境中存在丰富,这些细胞可以停止或促进乳腺癌的扩散。因此,研究人员进行了一系列细胞系实验,以确定这些细胞如何使癌症得以传播。

在他们的研究中,科学家们以前的研究指出,巨噬细胞在某些类型的癌症中表达高水平的所谓的胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)。

IGFs是刺激生长的激素。胰岛素样生长因子-1和胰岛素样生长因子-2在我们的血液中天然存在,但新的研究表明,乳腺癌肿瘤也表达IGF-1和-2,这有助于他们的成长。

具体而言,发现巨噬细胞表达高水平的这些激素,这导致癌症扩散到肺部。

此外,Mielgo博士和研究小组检查了乳腺癌患者,发现IGF受体在75%的患者中具有高度活性,这个百分比与巨噬细胞浸润和肿瘤进展程度成正比。

此外,作者写道:“在浸润性乳腺癌患者中,胰岛素/ IGF-1受体的激活增加到87%。

IGF阻断剂可能有助于阻止转移

重要的是,研究小组阻断了小鼠胰岛素样生长因子的水平,并将这种干预与紫杉醇联合使用,紫杉醇是乳腺癌最具侵袭性的常用化疗药物。

他们将这种联合治疗的结果与单独使用紫杉醇的结果进行比较。

联合干预导致“肿瘤细胞增殖和肺转移显着减少”。

正如Mielgo博士所解释的,“这些发现为进一步开发紫杉醇与IGF阻滞剂联合治疗浸润性乳腺癌提供了理论依据。

“我们的研究结果使我感到兴奋,因为联合疗法比目前在乳腺癌临床前模型中的疗法更有效。”

原始出处:

Lucy Ireland, Almudena Santos, Fiona Campbell, et al. Blockade of insulin-like growth factors increases efficacy of paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer. Oncogene (2018), doi:10.1038/s41388-017-0115-x.

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    2018-09-24 cy0324
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    2018-02-01 zsyan

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肿瘤蛋白p53是癌细胞命运的最关键的决定因素之一,因为它可以确定细胞是否应激而死亡。在今天发表在“自然通讯”杂志上的一项新研究中,来自罗斯威尔公园癌症研究所药理学和治疗学系的一个研究小组报告,他们发现了细胞调控这种重要的多功能肿瘤抑制因子的主要机制,为癌症研究和治疗奠定基础。

PNAS:为何HIV传播的如此之快?新研究揭示罪魁祸首及治疗新法!

当HIV-1感染免疫细胞时,病毒如此迅速地传播到细胞核,没有足够的时间来引爆细胞的报警系统。

npj Vaccines:可替代昂贵抗体治疗,这种新疫苗有望预防老年痴呆

英国科学家利用病毒颗粒的结构特性创造出一种能在老年人里增强效果的新疫苗,可以用来治疗牛皮癣和过敏症,甚至可以预防老年痴呆。这种疫苗可以替代昂贵的抗体治疗。