Prev Med:新研究估计:中国强化降压可避免660万人发生心血管事件,但多花1369亿元

2018-03-22 卢芳 中国循环杂志

在中国,四分之一成年人有高血压,半数心脑血管病与血压升高有关。全国每年由于血压升高而导致的过早死亡人数高达200万,直接医疗费用每年至少达366亿元。

在中国,四分之一成年人有高血压,半数心脑血管病与血压升高有关。全国每年由于血压升高而导致的过早死亡人数高达200万,直接医疗费用每年至少达366亿元。

如果实施强化降压,对高血压相关疾病和死亡有何影响,费效比又如何?近日,中美学者就此进行了预测,结果提示,对高血压人群进行强化降压,在降低心血管病方面具有潜在的巨大效应。

在这项研究中,研究者应用马尔可夫状态转换模型评估了35~84岁高血压人群两种降压策略在2015-2025年产生的效应:一是按照目前指南所推荐的140/90 mmHg来标准降压;二是基于近期Meta分析所得的降压目标133/76 mmHg以强化降压。

结果发现,如果采取强化降压,在未来10年将会避免约220.9万例冠心病事件,440.9万例卒中事件,和7.51万例由于心血管病导致的致命事件。

其中,强化降压在降低男性冠心病事件较女性尤为显着(17% vs 11%),在降低卒中事件方面男女“平等”,均约降低13%。

研究者也考量了强化降压所带来的不良反应。结果显示,在未来10年,与标准降压相比,强化降压或可能导致17%的低血压事件,且男女无差异。

要想强化降压,药钱自然是少不了的。研究显示,强化降压10年,将会增加1369亿元(人民币)的治疗费用,不过也额外增加了1740万质量调整生命年(QALY)。

其中,与标准降压相比,强化降压治疗10年的增量成本收益比(ICER)估计为每QALY 7876元(人民币),若持续强化降压治疗20年,ICER估计为每QALY 5811元(人民币)。也就是说,长远来看,强化降压更具成本效应。

进一步分析可见,强化控制血压在老年人群要比中年人群更具成本效益,这或是由于年龄大了发展为心血管病的风险更高的原因。

原始出处:
Xie X, He T, Kang J, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of intensive hypertension control in China. Prev Med. 2018 Mar 8;111:110-114.

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