Front Mol Neurosci:低脂低热量饮食VS运动:谁的抗大脑衰老效果更好?

2018-03-14 Bonnie,Yui 转化医学网

老龄化啮齿动物模型的特征在于特定脑区域的炎症,特别是胼胝体、穹窿体和下丘脑。小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的常驻巨噬细胞,对脑发育、神经支持和体内平衡很重要。然而目前,我们尚未完全理解饮食和生活方式对衰老过程中小胶质细胞的影响。

老龄化啮齿动物模型的特征在于特定脑区域的炎症,特别是胼胝体、穹窿体和下丘脑。小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的常驻巨噬细胞,对脑发育、神经支持和体内平衡很重要。然而目前,我们尚未完全理解饮食和生活方式对衰老过程中小胶质细胞的影响。

近来一项研究发现,低脂和低热量饮食相结合可以防止衰老小鼠脑部小胶质细胞的活化,并且与运动相比,低脂低热量饮食在预防大脑衰老方面更加有效。该研究于3月12日以“Low-Fat Diet With Caloric Restriction Reduces White Matter Microglia Activation During Aging”为题发表于《Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience》上。

研究人员使用Iba1免疫组化法评估了6、9和12月龄HFD和LFD小鼠的小胶质细胞的区域差异。结果显示中枢神经系统白质中小胶质细胞的Iba1反应性随年龄而增加。在下丘脑中,与6月龄小鼠相比,12个月龄的HFD和LFD小鼠中的小胶质细胞数目显着增加;与12月龄的LFD小鼠相比,HFD小鼠下丘脑中小胶质细胞数目显着增加。不同饮食模式引起了小胶质细胞的数目和形态变化。

为了评估HFD是否影响小胶质细胞对炎症激发的反应,研究人员在腹膜内注射LPS(脂多糖)诱导炎症形成,然后从LFD和HFD小鼠全脑中分离小胶质细胞,测定其促炎性基因的mRNA表达水平。HFD和LFD小胶质细胞之间的促炎症基因Il-1β、Tnf-α和Il-6以及其他免疫相关基因Spp1和Cybb的基础表达没有显着差异。

研究人员认为,在分析总脑小胶质细胞时,LFD和HFD对小胶质细胞的区域影响可能会被掩盖。因此,他们检测了下丘脑小胶质细胞中促炎性基因的mRNA表达水平。结果仍然显示饮食变化并未改变小胶质细胞对LPS诱导的系统性炎症的反应。


免疫相关基因在LPS处理的LFD和HFD小鼠的下丘脑中的表达

过去,研究人员主要在白质中观察到老化人脑中的炎症增加,然而长期饮食模式和运动对老化脑和白质炎症的影响尚不清楚。这项研究评估了6月龄和24月龄LFD和HFD小鼠中白质区域的小胶质细胞数量和活化。结果显示,热量限制减少了LFD小鼠小胶质细胞的活化,但对于HFD小鼠的影响则不明显。LFD导致小胶质细胞激活减少,这可能是衰老相关衰退期限制热量保护作用的一个潜在机制。

而与热量限制相比,运动(运动组小鼠靠近跑步轮,因而运动较多)对小胶质细胞的影响同样不显着。


限制热量的低脂饮食减少老化过程中白质小胶质细胞的活化

该研究的第一作者Eggen博士指出,他们还有许多工作要做。研究中小鼠只有一种饮食,所以目前研究人员还不清楚膳食之间的变化会如何改变这些结果,例如低脂饮食是否可以消除高脂肪、不受限制饮食的负面影响。他们也需要进一步的研究来确定这些膳食变化对小鼠的大脑衰老过程有哪些影响。

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    2018-03-16 lsndxfj
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2026102, encodeId=7c77202610214, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=15a68512622' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑衰老#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85126, encryptionId=15a68512622, topicName=脑衰老)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=db7c233, createdName=changjitao2009, createdTime=Thu May 17 11:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1635386, encodeId=c75716353862c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0a424396536' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大脑衰老#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43965, encryptionId=0a424396536, topicName=大脑衰老)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=efe722453549, createdName=ms3323097325231039, createdTime=Tue Oct 16 20:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1364309, encodeId=417c13643098c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7c5615628ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ROS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15628, encryptionId=7c5615628ad, topicName=ROS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=acc3210, createdName=lsndxfj, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 11:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1599490, encodeId=f5131599490ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d05c262e195' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#低热量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26271, encryptionId=d05c262e195, topicName=低热量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=929918728609, createdName=hxq78322, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 11:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1613849, encodeId=828116138490e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d87e6e25687' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#热量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67256, encryptionId=d87e6e25687, topicName=热量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bba919440409, createdName=ms2536978994064944, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 11:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296252, encodeId=b0a5296252e7, content=学习了.涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Mar 14 22:31:19 CST 2018, time=2018-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296242, encodeId=6351296242ed, content=好好努力.继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Wed Mar 14 21:58:57 CST 2018, time=2018-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2026102, encodeId=7c77202610214, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=15a68512622' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑衰老#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85126, encryptionId=15a68512622, topicName=脑衰老)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=db7c233, createdName=changjitao2009, createdTime=Thu May 17 11:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1635386, encodeId=c75716353862c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0a424396536' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大脑衰老#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43965, encryptionId=0a424396536, topicName=大脑衰老)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=efe722453549, createdName=ms3323097325231039, createdTime=Tue Oct 16 20:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1364309, encodeId=417c13643098c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7c5615628ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ROS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15628, encryptionId=7c5615628ad, topicName=ROS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=acc3210, createdName=lsndxfj, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 11:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1599490, encodeId=f5131599490ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d05c262e195' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#低热量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26271, encryptionId=d05c262e195, topicName=低热量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=929918728609, createdName=hxq78322, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 11:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1613849, encodeId=828116138490e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d87e6e25687' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#热量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67256, encryptionId=d87e6e25687, topicName=热量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bba919440409, createdName=ms2536978994064944, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 11:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296252, encodeId=b0a5296252e7, content=学习了.涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Mar 14 22:31:19 CST 2018, time=2018-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296242, encodeId=6351296242ed, content=好好努力.继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Wed Mar 14 21:58:57 CST 2018, time=2018-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-03-14 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.涨知识

    0

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    2018-03-14 忠诚向上

    好好努力.继续学习

    0

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