JAMA Network Open: AI人工智能准确预测哪些人将在两年内患上痴呆症

2022-01-07 Mia “生物世界”公众号

呆症,实际上并非指代某种特定的疾病,而是用来描述具有“记忆、思维和社会能力下降”一组症状的医学术语。据WHO统计,全世界现有超过5500万的痴呆症患者,每年新增近1000万例。

痴呆症,实际上并非指代某种特定的疾病,而是用来描述具有“记忆、思维和社会能力下降”一组症状的医学术语。据WHO统计,全世界现有超过5500万的痴呆症患者,每年新增近1000万例。痴呆症在全球十大死亡原因中位列第七,是全球老年人残疾和依赖他人的主要原因之一。

记忆力下降是痴呆症最常见的早期症状,如果能更早识别出可能发展为痴呆症的患者,就有助于优先安排措施干预病情进展。然而,识别出具有痴呆症高风险的患者对临床医生来说依然是一个挑战,是否可以开发一种人工智能准确预测记忆门诊的患者在未来患上痴呆症的概率呢?

近日,英国埃克塞特大学医学院的研究人员在 JAMA 子刊 JAMA Network Open 在线发表了题为:Performance of Machine Learning Algorithms forPredicting Progression to Dementia in Memory Clinic Patients 的研究论文。

该研究开发了一种机器学习的临床决策辅助工具,可以发现检查数据的潜藏模式、分析出记忆门诊中未来2年罹患痴呆症的高风险人群、并且帮助降低痴呆症的临床误诊率。

针对痴呆症,现有两种临床决策辅助工具辅助评估不同人群中痴呆症的中长期发病率。其中,心血管危险因素、年龄和痴呆症发病(Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidenceof Dementia, CAIDE)风险评分旨在预测中年人20年后罹患痴呆症的风险,简要痴呆筛查指标(Brief Dementia Screening Indicator, BDSI)旨在预测老年患者6年后罹患痴呆症的风险。

研究纳入了2005-2015年间就诊于美国三十多个国家阿尔茨海默病协调中心(National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center, NACC)记忆门诊的15307名患者为研究对象。这些患者虽然在记忆和大脑功能上存在一些问题,但尚未患有痴呆症。研究人员将机器学习(Machine Learning)用于痴呆症的诊断和风险预测,首次实现了较短临床相关时期(2年)内记忆门诊的痴呆症发病率预测。

数据显示,在2005年至2015年的研究时间范围内,每10个记忆门诊患者就有1个(1568人)在未来两年内被确诊为痴呆症。机器学习能有效地工作,使用临床常规提供的病人信息,如记忆和大脑功能、认知测试的表现和特定的生活方式因素。与BDSI和CAIDE相比,机器学习算法可以更准确的预测这些新诊断的痴呆症病例,准确率高达92%。

研究人员还首次发现,大约8%(130人)的痴呆症诊断似乎是错误的,因为他们的诊断后来被推翻了,然而机器学习模型模型可以很大程度识别这些不一致的诊断。“这是对NACC统一数据集(Uniform Data Set, UDS)中的潜在误诊进行首次分析,机器学习作为临床决策辅助工具有可能减少高达84%的假阳性”,该团队表示。

该研究的共同作者,埃克塞特大学的研究员 Janice Ranson 博士补充说:"痴呆症是一种非常令人恐惧的疾病。在记忆诊所中嵌入机器学习可以帮助确保诊断更加准确,减少错误诊断可能导致的不必要的困扰。"

该团队现在计划进行后续研究,以评估机器学习方法在临床的实际使用情况,以评估它是否可以推广到改善痴呆症的诊断、治疗和护理。

原始出处:

Charlotte James, et al. Performance of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Progression to Dementia in Memory Clinic Patients. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(12):e2136553.

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    2022-02-24 Boyinsh
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    2022-06-15 canlab
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    2022-09-25 feather89
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    2022-01-07 neuro.Dr

    老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!

    0

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