Cell Metabolism:100年后,科学家发现了胰岛素之外的第二个血糖调控通路,打开糖尿病治疗新大门

2022-01-06 王聪 “生物世界”公众号

早在3000多年前,古埃及就有了关于糖尿病的记载。几千年来,人类对糖尿病始终束手无策,一旦患上糖尿病就只能坐以待毙。直到20世纪初,人们才意识到糖尿病病人的尿糖由血糖升高所致,而这与胰腺有关。

早在3000多年前,古埃及就有了关于糖尿病的记载。几千年来,人类对糖尿病始终束手无策,一旦患上糖尿病就只能坐以待毙。直到20世纪初,人们才意识到糖尿病病人的尿糖由血糖升高所致,而这与胰腺有关。

1921年,弗雷德里克·班廷(Frederick Banting)等人发现了胰岛素(insulin),并于1922年1月使用胰岛素成功治疗了糖尿病病人。100年前胰岛素的发现和使用,为数百万糖尿病患者打开了一扇通往生命和希望的大门。从那时起,在胰腺中产生的胰岛素就被认为是治疗以高血糖(葡萄糖)为特征的疾病(例如糖尿病)的主要手段。

2022年1月4日,美国索尔克研究所的研究人员在 Cell 子刊 Cell Metabolism 上发表了题为:FGF1 and insulin control lipolysis by convergent pathways 的研究论文。

该研究发现FGF1,与胰岛素一样,通过抑制脂肪分解快速降低肝脏葡萄糖水平,从而快速调节血糖水平,是第二种快速调控血糖的分子。这一发现可能会带来新的糖尿病治疗方法,也为代谢研究奠定了新的基础。

在分子水平上,FGF1 通过激活PDE4D(磷酸二酯酶 4D)来抑制cAMP-蛋白激酶A 信号轴来发挥作用,这与胰岛素的通过PDE3B通路发挥作用的机制不同。

这些发现表明,FGF1/PDE4通路是与胰岛素/PDE3B并行的第二种快速血糖调控通路。FGF1与胰岛素的作用机制不同,这种差异可以使FGF1能够安全、有效地降低具有胰岛素抵抗的人的血糖。

该论文的通讯作者 Ronald Evans 教授表示,找到胰岛素之外的抑制脂肪分解和降低血糖水平的第二种激素,是一项科学突破。这项研究已经确定了FGF1是一种新的脂肪调控的参与者,这还有助于我们理解人体对能量储存的管理。

当我们进食后,富含能量的脂肪和葡萄糖会进入血液之中。胰岛素通常将这些营养物质运送到肌肉和脂肪组织中的细胞,在那里它们可以被立即使用或储存以备后用。

对于那些有胰岛素抵抗的人,他们血液中的葡萄糖不能被有效地去除,而较高的脂肪分解会增加脂肪酸水平。这些额外的脂肪酸会加速肝脏中葡萄糖的产生,使得已经很高的血糖水平更加复杂。

此外,脂肪酸在器官中积累,会加剧胰岛素抵抗,而胰岛素抵抗是糖尿病和肥胖症的特征。

在此之前,该团队已经发现,FGF1通过脂肪FGF受体1(FGFR1)发挥强大的抗糖尿病作用。注射FGF1可显着降低小鼠的血糖水平,而且FGF1治疗可缓解胰岛素抵抗。但FGF1究竟是如何发挥作用的仍是个未解之谜。

首先,研究团队发现,FGF1像胰岛素一样抑制脂肪分解,调控肝脏中葡萄糖的生成。这些相同之处让研究团队猜测FGF1是否和胰岛素通过同一个通路来调控血糖。

我们知道,胰岛素是通过PDE3B通路来发挥作用来抑制脂肪分解。研究团队惊讶地发现,FGF1通过一个新的信号通路PDE4来发挥同样的作用。

研究团队表示,胰岛素和FGF1可以被看做是处于两个并行通路,而这种并行通路的有点非常明显,在出现胰岛素抵抗的人中,胰岛素通路受损,但FGF1通路还可以继续发挥作用,调控脂肪分解和血糖水平。

胰岛素和FGF1处于两个调控血糖的并行通路,图片来自索尔克研究所

FGF1在胰岛素抵抗的糖尿病小鼠中能够持续诱导降低血糖,这种独特能力是治疗糖尿病患者的非常有前景的方法,有望为糖尿病患者带来更好的治疗方法。

研究团队表示,寻找PDE4通路为治疗高血糖和胰岛素抵抗的药物发现和基础研究开辟了新的道路。现在一方面是通过修饰FGF1以提高PDE4的活性,另一方面是靶向激活PDE4的上游信号通路。

 

原始出处:

Gencer Sancar, et al. FGF1 and insulin control lipolysis by convergent pathways. Cell Metabolism, 2021.

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    2022-06-22 维他命
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GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1990002, encodeId=391719900028f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3207e6735ae' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糖尿病治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76735, encryptionId=3207e6735ae, topicName=糖尿病治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6a1280, createdName=zhanglin3079, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 17:29:27 CST 2022, time=2022-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1872351, encodeId=6a5718e23518c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Tue Oct 18 00:29:27 CST 2022, time=2022-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888396, encodeId=8476188839670, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Sun Feb 06 14:29:27 CST 2022, time=2022-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1183651, encodeId=ebb5118365196, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211111/81c0b64745c644319545ec26d7ef0b34/9ddb2864d5df4dd9bf4305e380bffc96.jpg, createdBy=c7835705079, createdName=屋顶瞄爱赏月, createdTime=Wed Jan 12 20:38:55 CST 2022, time=2022-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577281, encodeId=520415e728130, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d86d1159e36' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Metabolism#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11597, encryptionId=d86d1159e36, topicName=Metabolism)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a6516392333, createdName=1249859em43(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Jan 07 12:29:27 CST 2022, time=2022-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-07-17 baoya
  4. 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  5. 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createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211111/81c0b64745c644319545ec26d7ef0b34/9ddb2864d5df4dd9bf4305e380bffc96.jpg, createdBy=c7835705079, createdName=屋顶瞄爱赏月, createdTime=Wed Jan 12 20:38:55 CST 2022, time=2022-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577281, encodeId=520415e728130, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d86d1159e36' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Metabolism#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11597, encryptionId=d86d1159e36, topicName=Metabolism)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a6516392333, createdName=1249859em43(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Jan 07 12:29:27 CST 2022, time=2022-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-24 一闲
  6. 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  7. 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  8. 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  9. 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createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211111/81c0b64745c644319545ec26d7ef0b34/9ddb2864d5df4dd9bf4305e380bffc96.jpg, createdBy=c7835705079, createdName=屋顶瞄爱赏月, createdTime=Wed Jan 12 20:38:55 CST 2022, time=2022-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577281, encodeId=520415e728130, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d86d1159e36' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Metabolism#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11597, encryptionId=d86d1159e36, topicName=Metabolism)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a6516392333, createdName=1249859em43(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Jan 07 12:29:27 CST 2022, time=2022-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-01-12 屋顶瞄爱赏月

    学习

    0

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