JACC:美英法德跨国研究观察到盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂和恩帕格列净在心衰中的作用

2021-03-19 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

使用MRA并不影响达格列净减少不良心衰和肾脏结果的效果。使用达格列净治疗与较少停用MRA有关。

盐皮质激素由肾上腺皮质产生,是一类皮质类固醇激素,主要影响电解质和体液平衡。其中,最重要的盐皮质激素是醛固酮。醛固酮作用于肾脏以促进钠离子和水的主动/被动重吸收、皮层集合管细胞钾离子的主动分泌,导致血压和血容量增加。

盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂(MRA),又称抗盐皮质激素或醛固酮受体拮抗剂,是指能拮抗醛固酮与盐皮质激素受体相互作用的利尿剂。MRA可有效减少心力衰竭患者的住院率及死亡率。同时,有证据显示MRA可有效治疗难治性高血压,但有发生低血压的风险。因此,目前的指南推荐在选定的保留射血分数的心衰患者中考虑使用MRA。

此外,钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT2)抑制剂是一类通过抑制近端小管重吸收葡萄糖发挥药效的新型降糖药。已有不少研究表明该类药物可降低血管疾病的风险。

为此,发表在《美国心脏病学会杂志》JACC上的一项研究公布了由美国、英国、法国及德国在内的多国机构联合开展的研究,评价了MRA治疗背景下联合SGLT-2抑制剂恩格列净治疗对射血分数降低的心衰(HFrEF)患者的疗效和安全性。

该项研究为“达格列净在慢性心力衰竭伴射血分数降低患者中的结果试验”(EMPERPR)的二级分析,比较了与安慰剂相比,达格列净在3730例HFrEF患者中效果,其中71%的患者随机使用MRA。

结果显示,在接受或不接受MRA的患者中,达格列净对患者的主要终点、大多数疗效终点和安全性的影响相似(交互作用p>0.20)。总的来说,在使用MRA的前提下,达格列净可降低患者心血管死亡风险18%(OR=0.82, 95%置信区间[CI]:0.65~1.05)。而在不适用MRA的HFrEF患者中,则会增加19%的死亡风险。

同时,全因死亡率也有类似的模式(交互作用p = 0.098)。在基线不适用MRA的患者中,与安慰剂相比,达格列净组开始接受MRA治疗后全因死亡率降低35%(OR=0.65;95% CI:0.49~0.85)。在基线的MRA使用者中,达格列净组患者在随机化停止MRA治疗后全因死亡率降低22%(OR=0.78;95% CI:0.64~0.96)。

该研究提示,使用MRA并不影响达格列净减少不良心衰和肾脏结果的效果。使用达格列净治疗与较少停用MRA有关。

 

参考文献:

Interplay of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists and Empagliflozin in Heart Failure: EMPEROR-Reduced. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Mar, 77 (11) 1397–1407

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    2021-03-19 ms4000000606082104

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