NAT MED:AML的精准医疗:Beat AML Master 临床试验

2020-11-07 haibei MedSci原创

在最近的一项研究中,未治疗的AML≥60岁的患者被前瞻性地纳入正在进行的Beat AML试验(ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03013998)

急性髓系白血病(AML)是最常见的诊断白血病。在老年人中,急性髓系白血病会带来不良后果。AML起源于一个显性突变,然后获得协作性转化突变,导致髓细胞转化和临床/生物异质性。

老年人AML的复发性突变也见于年龄相关的克隆性造血和骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的非肿瘤患者,其突变的累积数量相当于疾病进化的晚期。已有的研究显示,有助于AML发病机制的突变具有不同的功能作用,包括破坏细胞凋亡(TP53),可以重塑表观遗传的肿瘤代谢产物(IDH1,IDH2),致癌信号(FLT3,KIT,NRAS,KRAS,PTPN11),和表观遗传失调(DNMT3A,TET2,WT1,ASXL1)。

新一代测序(NGS)的使用为我们了解AML的发病机制和预后提供了信息,使得每个AML患者和显性白血病克隆的突变谱特征得以确定。

目前,AML治疗迅速启动,排除了考虑患者癌细胞的突变谱进行治疗决策的能力。在最近的一项研究中,未治疗的AML≥60岁的患者被前瞻性地纳入正在进行的Beat AML试验(ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03013998),该试验的目的是在收到样本后7天(d)内和治疗选择前提供细胞遗传学和突变数据,然后根据显性克隆进行治疗分配。

在该研究中,共有487名疑似AML患者入组,395人符合条件。中位年龄为72岁(范围60-92岁;38%≥75岁);374名患者(94.7%)在7 d内完成了基因和细胞遗传学分析,并被集中分配到Beat AML子研究中;224名(56.7%)入选Beat AML子研究。其余171例患者选择标准护理(SOC)(103例)、研究性治疗(28例)或姑息治疗(40例);9例患者在治疗分配前死亡。

Beat AML子研究的患者与接受SOC(诱导性使用阿糖胞苷+达诺霉素(7+3或同等剂量)或降甲基化剂)的患者之间的人口统计学、实验室和分子特征没有显著差异。

参加Beat AML子研究的患者与选择SOC的患者相比,30天死亡率较低,总生存期明显延长。

因此,该研究显示,AML的精准医学治疗策略在7 d内是可行的,允许患者和医生快速将基因组数据纳入治疗决策,而不会增加早期死亡或对总体生存产生不利影响。

 

原始出处:

Amy Burd et al. Precision medicine treatment in acute myeloid leukemia using prospective genomic profiling: feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the Beat AML Master Trial. Nature Medicine (2020). 

 

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