J AM COLL RADIOL:CTA定位后的下消化道出血究竟该选择何种治疗手段?

2022-07-07 shaosai MedSci原创

CT血管成像(CTA)已成为定位出血来源的最初无创诊断检查。

下消化道出血(LGIB)是急诊科常见的症状之一有潜在的高发病率和死亡率。想达到适当的治疗需要对出血位置进行准确的定位,但这在临床上往往难以做到。CT血管成像(CTA)已成为定位出血源的最初无创诊断检查。如果确定了出血位置,患者通常要接受导管血管造影或结肠镜检查以确认出血的存在并进行止血治疗。目前,包括ACR和美国胃肠病学会(ACG)在内的主要学会没有就CTA定位阳性后首选哪种手术提出建议。

在没有CTA定位的情况下,ACR和ACG的现行指南建议将结肠镜检查作为一线干预措施,而导管血管造影则保留给不耐受肠道准备的血流动力学不稳定的病人。然而,这种策略可能会因为肠道准备所需的时间而延误止血治疗,从而限制结肠镜检查的效果。相比之下,导管血管造影可以在没有活动性出血的情况下提供经验性止血治疗。因此,导管血管造影越来越多地被作为一线干预措施被临床所应用

到目前为止,还没有研究比较CTA定位阳性后导管血管造影与结肠镜检查的疗效。近日,发表在J AM COLL RADIOL杂志的一项研究探讨了CTA定位后导管血管造影和结肠镜检查的确认率、治疗率(止血疗法的比率)、手术时间、再出血率和不良后果发生率。

本研究于2010年-2020年期间收集了来自两家机构下消化道CTA成像时都有造影剂外渗、随后进行了CA或结肠镜检查的71名连续患者。主要结果是在CA或结肠镜检查中确认活动性出血(定义为确认率)。次要结果是确定治疗率(止血疗法)、手术时间、再出血率和不良结果率(定义为手术、急性肾损伤、开始透析和总死亡率)。采用单变量分析和P<0.05的多变量分析来确定统计学意义。 

44名患者接受了CA检查,27名患者接受了结肠镜检查。CA的总体确认率较高(55% vs 26%,P = 026),而治疗率相似(70% vs 56%,P = 0 214)。CA的手术时间为5.1±3.4小时,结肠镜检查为15.5±13.6小时(P<0.001)。在多变量分析中,较短的手术时间是确认率(P = .037)和治疗率(P = .013)的唯一有统计学意义的预测因素,而手术、血红蛋白、输血和血液动力学不稳定则不是。不良事件和再出血在接受CA和结肠镜检查的患者之间没有统计学差异(P>.05)。 


 一名92岁的男子在CT血管造影中出现活动性外渗,并在结肠镜检查中发现相关情况。(A) 轴位平扫图像显示乙状结肠憩室被液体胀破(箭头)。(B) 动脉期相显示管内造影剂(C)在静脉期相上汇集(箭头)。(D) 结肠镜检查显示憩室有活动性出血;随后用肾上腺素注射治疗

本研究表明,在CTA定位LGIB后,手术时间是确认和治疗率的最重要和唯一重要的预测因素。导管血管造影可以比结肠镜检查更早完成,因此确认率更高,但并没有观察到不良后果或再出血率的增加。结果表明,导管血管造影是CTA定位后合理的一线程序,未来的临床指南迭代应该考虑到这一点。

 

原文出处:

Justin R Tse,Ely R Felker,Gary G Tse,et al.Colonoscopy Versus Catheter Angiography for Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding After Localization on CT Angiography.DOI:10.1016/j.jacr.2022.01.010.

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    2022-10-23 waiwai3030
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    2022-08-20 windight
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