Nature Medicine:新冠康复患者心脏病飙升,即使是轻症也不例外

2022-02-16 王聪 “生物世界”公众号

新冠疫情从爆发至今,不断刷新了人类对病毒的认知,作为整个人类的“飞来横祸”,其影响的领域和范围也越来越大。显而易见,COVID-19大流行对世界经济造成了难以估量的损失,并深刻影响着人类的社会秩序。

新冠疫情从爆发至今,不断刷新了人类对病毒的认知,作为整个人类的“飞来横祸”,其影响的领域和范围也越来越大。显而易见,COVID-19大流行对世界经济造成了难以估量的损失,并深刻影响着人类的社会秩序。

新冠病毒的受体ACE2是一种在人体内广泛分布的受体蛋白,主要存在呼吸道、肠道、肾脏、心脏和睾丸等器官和组织中。

许多研究指出,新冠病毒感染不仅会带来疾病和死亡,还会引发其他并发症,并在患者康复后导致不同程度、不同症状的后遗症。常见的后遗症有:嗅觉失灵、疲劳、呼吸困难、关节痛、胸痛甚至是抑郁症

2020年12月2日,Nature 发表了一篇题为:Could COVID delirium bring on dementia? 的文章指出,新冠的全球大流行导致了许多患者出现谵妄症,将可能导致数年后全球痴呆症患者激增。

2021年6月23日,国际顶尖医学期刊 Nature Medicine 发表的题为:Long COVID in a prospective cohort of home-isolated patients 的研究论文,对挪威312名新冠肺炎患者开展的调查发现,超半数居家隔离的青壮年(16-30岁)轻症患者在最初感染后的6个月,出现了长期持续的呼吸困难、味觉嗅觉丧失、疲劳或是注意力不集中和记忆力下降的症状

2021年8月28日,国际顶尖医学期刊《柳叶刀》发表了题为:1-year outcomes in hospital survivors with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study 的研究论文,这项由首都医科大学、中国医学科学院、中日友好医院、金银潭医院的研究者共同完成的迄今为止样本量最大的关于出院新冠幸存者1年随访的纵向队列研究显示,绝大多数新冠肺炎出院患者发病1年后仍至少存在疲劳与肌肉无力、睡眠障碍、脱发、嗅觉失灵、心悸、关节疼痛等异常症状中的一项。

这些研究都提醒了我们,感染新冠病毒后,即使康复了也仍可能长期存在后遗症,因此也有人将其称之为“长期新冠”(Long COVID)。

2022年2月7日,圣路易斯华盛顿大学的研究人员在国际顶尖医学期刊 Nature Medicine 发表了题为:Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19 的研究论文。

研究团队对美国退伍军人事务部管理的一个大型健康记录数据库进行分析,将其中超过15万名感染新冠后存活30天以上的退伍军人与两组未感染新冠者进行比较。这项大规模研究表明,在感染新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)后康复的人,在一年内出现心血管疾病(包括心脏病和中风)的风险会大幅增加,例如中风风险增加52%,心力衰竭风险增加72%。

更重要的是,即使是那些65岁以下的,没有肥胖、吸烟、糖尿病等心血管疾病危险因素的人,感染新冠后出现心血管疾病的风险仍会明显升高。

这项研究表明,在感染新冠后30天,患者发生心血管疾病的风险显着增加,包括脑血管疾病、心律失常、缺血性和非缺血性心脏病、心包炎、心肌炎、心力衰竭和血栓栓塞性疾病。即使未住院的轻症患者,这些心血管疾病风险也明显增加。整体来,风险从轻症未住院、住院到重症监护依次增加。

我们的结果提供的证据表明,新冠患者康复后,在一年内患心血管疾病的风险是巨大的,因此对新冠康复患者的护理应包括关注心血管健康和疾病。

总的来说,这项对比研究显示,在感染新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)后康复的人,在一年内出现心血管疾病(包括心脏病和中风)的风险会大幅增加。其中感染后住院的重症患者将来出现心血管疾病的可能性更高,但那些轻症患者也同样面临心血管风险升高。这也提示了接种新冠疫苗的重要性和迫切性,因为接种疫苗可有效避免新冠重症。

原始出处:

Xie, Y., Xu, E., Bowe, B. et al. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19. Nat Med (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01689-3.

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    2022-11-17 liye789132251
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    2022-03-07 jeanqiuqiu
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    2022-09-20 kalseyzl
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