Environmental Research:产前暴露于 PM 2.5可导致新生儿甲状腺功能受损

2021-07-04 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

母亲在怀孕期间暴露于空气污染通常与对新生儿健康的不利影响有关。二氧化氮 (NO 2 ) 和直径小于 2.5 微米的细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 是与空气污染和车辆交通相关的两种主要污染

母亲在怀孕期间暴露于空气污染通常与对新生儿健康的不利影响有关。二氧化氮 (NO 2 ) 和直径小于 2.5 微米的细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 是与空气污染和车辆交通相关的两种主要污染物。例如,PM2.5 颗粒非常细小,很容易进入呼吸道。最近的研究将产前暴露于大气污染物与新生儿甲状腺激素水平的变化联系起来一些研究表明,空气污染会影响甲状腺但对于这个问题的研究的数据尚无定论。

近期发表在 Environmental Research的一项研究表明产前暴露于 PM 2.5可导致新生儿甲状腺功能受损,对空气污染最敏感的阶段是怀孕的早期和晚期。

甲状腺激素对调节胎儿的生长和新陈代谢至关重要,在神经发育中起着重要作用。甲状腺素 (T4) 是循环中的主要甲状腺激素,促甲状腺激素是 TSH。 

这项前瞻性队列研究包括来自 INMA-Gipuzkoa 项目的母子对。具体而言,包括了 463 对母子对,其中包括怀孕期间 PM2.5 和 NO2 暴露以及出生时 TT4 水平的数据。

 PM2.5 和 NO2 水平分别通过大容量气溶胶采样器和被动采样器在女性怀孕期间测量。TT4 水平是在婴儿足跟采血样本中测量的。关于母婴协变量的数据是通过在妊娠早期和晚期进行的问卷调查和临床记录审查来收集的。通过线性回归模型评估PM 2.5和 NO2 与整个妊娠期间 TT4 水平的潜在关联,并使用 DLM 来确定易感性窗口。

研究员一直在每周进行监测,因为胎儿的发育差异很大“从一周到下一周。所以试图进行尽可能详细的研究,以找出最敏感的怀孕周本研究旨在评估新生儿的总甲状腺素(TT4) 水平与每周产前暴露于 PM2.5 和 NO2的关联,并确定不同发育阶段暴露于空气污染的敏感性窗口。

研究结果表明孕妇在怀孕期间暴露于 PM 2.5与出生时婴儿的 TT4 水平呈正相关(β [95% CI] = 0.198 [0.091, 0.305]。DLM 确定了三个不同的敏感性窗口,检测到 PM 2.5 的敏感性窗口:第一个月,第 12-17 周和第 31-37 周。一个在围孕期与阴性PM 2.5暴露与出生时 TT4 水平之间的关联,第二次(第 12-17 周)和第三次(第 31-37 周)呈正相关。此外,暴露越晚,相关性越强。相反,未观察到 NO 2暴露与 TT4 水平之间的关联。

PM 2.5 、二氧化氮 与新生儿甲状腺素水平之间的关系

这项研究结果揭示了怀孕期间接触细颗粒物与新生儿甲状腺素水平之间的直接关系。但是没有观察到与接触二氧化氮之间的明确联系”Irizar 强调说,“怀孕头几个月的暴露对甲状腺激素的平衡有直接影响。这些婴儿的甲状腺素水平往往较低。随着怀孕的进展,我们发现这种关系逐渐减弱,即母亲的暴露逐渐变得不那么重要。然而,在怀孕后期,这种联系再次变得明显,但表现出相反的效果:随着这些细小颗粒浓度的增加,我们看到甲状腺激素的水平也在增加,这对平衡产生了相反的影响。”

“目前尚不清楚这一切背后的机制。无论如何,我们得出的结论是,就大气污染而言,怀孕的最敏感时期是早晚几个月,”UPV/EHU 研究人员强调说。“下一个任务是研究这些细颗粒在怀孕早期和晚期产生相反影响的机制。

 

1. 参考文献Amaia Irizar, Arantxa Txintxurreta, . Association between prenatal exposure to air pollutants and newborn thyroxine (T4) levelsEnvironmental Research, 2021; 197: 111132 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111132

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    2022-05-09 lixiaol
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    2021-07-06 qilu_qi
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    2021-07-06 july_979
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    2021-07-06 yangshch
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    2021-07-05 1248b370m54暂无昵称

    学习了。

    0

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    2021-07-05 学医无涯

    环境无处不影响 从细胞开始

    0

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