Gastroenterology:放化疗后循环肿瘤DNA与食管癌患者进展风险

2019-11-11 MedSci MedSci原创

研究认为,食管癌放化疗后,循环肿瘤DNA检测阳性与肿瘤的进展、转移和疾病特异性存活有关,可用于鉴别肿瘤进展风险最高的患者。

在局部食管癌放化疗后,需要特定的生物标志物来鉴定肿瘤进展高风险人群。

近日研究人员对45例食管癌放疗前后血浆游离DNA、白细胞DNA和食管十二指肠镜下固定食管肿瘤活检标本进行了深度测序(CAPP-Seq)分析。23名患者随后接受了食管切除术,22名患者未接受手术。以40名健康人(对照组)的血液样本为对照。研究人员分析了与食管腺癌或鳞状细胞癌相关的607个单核苷酸变异基因的802个区域。患者在放化疗后6-8周接受影像学分析,并随访5年。研究的主要目的是确定放化疗后循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)的检测是否与肿瘤进展的风险(通过成像或活检检测到的局部、区域或远端肿瘤的生长)相关。

治疗前,肿瘤源DNA占总游离DNA的中位数为0.07%,表明食管癌局部肿瘤ctDNA的定量和分析需要采用超灵敏的检测方法。化疗后ctDNA检测阳性与肿瘤的进展(危险比18.7)、远端转移 (危险比32.1)和较短的疾病特异性生存期(危险比23.1)有关。在放化疗后采集的血浆样本中,肿瘤进展患者中检测到新突变的比例高于未进展的患者。放化疗后ctDNA检测阳性平均比影像学肿瘤进展早2.8个月。在未经手术而接受放化疗的患者中,ctDNA和代谢成像分析联合可预测100%的肿瘤进展,而单纯ctDNA检测的准确性为71%,代谢成像分析为57%。

研究认为,食管癌放化疗后,循环肿瘤DNA检测阳性与肿瘤的进展、转移和疾病特异性存活有关,可用于鉴别肿瘤进展风险最高的患者。

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    2019-11-13 yzh399
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    2019-11-13 zhouqu_8
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精准医学时代下食管癌治疗的现在与未来

食管癌是一种高发的恶性肿瘤,是全球十大肿瘤之一。中国是食管癌高发国家,发病率与死亡率均占世界的一半以上,晚期食管癌的预后不尽如人意,治疗选择有限。近年来,靶向治疗与免疫治疗的引入,打破了既往只有传统的化疗、放疗和手术的治疗模式,为更多患者带来了更长的生存时间。山东省立医院的王潍博教授和山东大学齐鲁医院的黎莉教授,就食管癌精准治疗的现状与未来做一专访。

中国食管癌放射治疗指南(2019年版)

随着放疗技术的快速发展,三维适形放疗、调强放疗及图像引导技术在食管癌治疗中得以广泛应用。肿瘤治疗药物进展也很快,但与放疗联合的最佳方案包括化疗、靶向或免疫及放射增敏剂仍需深入研究。我国食管癌在病因学、病理类型、高发部位等方面与欧美国家差异巨大,因此,欧美国家有关食管癌放疗的指南无法满足我国临床实践。《中国食管癌放射治疗指南》的制定将填补这一空白,其在临床实践中的推广应用并依据最新研究成果不断更新,