ESMO Open综述:“神药”光环下的阴影?T-Dxd相关ILD/肺炎发生率超15%!

2022-08-27 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

ESMO Open:9项T-DXd单药治疗研究中药物相关间质性肺病和/或肺炎的汇总分析

Trastuzumab deruxtecanT-DXd ,DS-8201 是一种抗体-药物偶联物 ADC),由抗人表皮生长因子受体 2 HER2 人源化单克隆抗体四肽基可切割连接子和拓扑异构酶I抑制剂载荷组成,药物与抗体的比例很高(约8:1)。1,2该连接子在血浆中是稳定的,但可被可能在癌细胞中被上调的组织蛋白酶选择性切割。释放的有效载荷是膜通透的,允许抗肿瘤旁观者效应,半衰期短,可最大限度地减少全身暴露。

间质性肺疾病(ILD)/肺炎是多种癌症疗法(包括多种 ADC的已知风险。 T-DXd在DESTINY系列临床试验中显示出普遍可控的安全性,其中血液学和胃肠道不良事件(AEs)是最常见的;而ILD/肺炎也被确定为值得特别关注的AE。目前, DS8201相关的ILD/肺炎的发病机制尚未完全阐明。最近一项对食蟹猴的研究表明,肺泡巨噬细胞对DS8201的摄取和再分配可能与此有关。

2019年,用于监测、评估和管理T-DXd临床试验中ILD/肺炎的研究专用指南更新,包括剂量调整和支持治疗建议(表1)。与以前的指南相比,该指南对类固醇治疗的剂量和持续时间作出了更具体的细节介绍。经批准的DS8201标签还包括关于ILD/肺炎的警告和其管理指南。

为了描述DS8201相关的ILD/肺炎,本研究对多种肿瘤类型的9项I期和II期DS8201单药治疗研究进行了汇总分析。该汇总分析包括更新指南发布前后的数据,并提供了T-DXd试验中当前ILD/肺炎的诊断和管理概况。

该分析共纳入1150例患者(乳腺癌44.3%;胃癌,25.6%;肺癌,17.7%;结直肠癌,9.3%;其他癌症,3.0%)。中位治疗持续时间为5.8个月(范围:0.7-56.3个月),中位前线治疗为4线(范围:1-27)。经裁定的药物相关性ILD/肺炎的总发生率为15.4%(5级,2.2%)。大多数ILD/肺炎为低级别事件(1级或2级,77.4%);87.0%的患者是在在第一次服用DS-8201的12个月内发生第一次药物相关性ILD/肺炎事件(中位数:5.4个月;范围:<0.1-46.8)。根据数据回顾,对于53.2%的病例,判定的ILD/肺炎发病早于研究者确定的发病时间(发病时间的中位数差异:43天;范围:1-499天)。Cox回归确定了几个可能与药物相关的ILD/肺炎风险增加相关的基线因素:年龄<65岁,在日本的入组,T-DXd剂量>6.4 mg/kg,氧饱和度<95%,中度/重度肾功能损害,存在肺部合并症,首次诊断以来时间>4

在这项对接受大量治疗的患者进行的汇总分析中,ILD/肺炎的发病率为 15.4%,大多数是低级别的,发生在治疗的前 12 个月。T-DXd治疗的获益-风险是正向的;然而,一些患者发生 ILD/肺炎的风险可能增加,需要进一步检查以确认 ILD/肺炎的危险因素。有必要对所有患者进行对ILD/肺炎的密切监测和主动管理。

原文来源:

C.A. Powell, S. Modi, H. Iwata, S. Takahashi, E.F. Smit, S. Siena, D.-Y. Chang, E. Macpherson, A. Qin, J. Singh, C. Taitt, N. Shire, D. Ross Camidge,Pooled analysis of drug-related interstitial lung disease and/or pneumonitis in nine trastuzumab deruxtecan monotherapy studies☆, ESMO Open,Volume 7, Issue 4,2022,100554,ISSN 2059-7029,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100554.

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    2023-04-28 liuhuangbo
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    2023-02-24 feather89
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    2022-08-28 zhang92560

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