Clin Nutrition: 早期补充肠外营养可以降低营养风险高的危重手术患者的死亡率

2021-11-25 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

肠外营养(parenteralnutrition,PN)是从静脉内供给营养作为手术前后及危重患者的营养支持,全部营养从肠外供给称全胃肠外营养。

充足的营养供应对于危重患者改善临床结果很重要。有研究报道在重症监护病房(ICU)中的患者第一周内摄入更多的营养与更长的生存时间和更快的恢复有关。因此,主要通过肠内途径提供早期营养支持治疗被视为一种积极的治疗策略,因为它可以降低疾病的严重程度、减少并发症、减少 ICU 的住院时间 (LOS),并对患者的预后具有益处。然而,接受急诊腹部手术的患者可能会改变其胃肠 (GI) 解剖结构以及腹内环境和胃肠道蠕动,从而限制肠内饮食。因此,本项研究旨在评估在不符合早期 EN 条件的接受手术的危重患者中早期补充 PN 的益处。

 

研究人员回顾了2013年1月至2018年12月期间因复杂性腹腔内感染 (cIAI) 接受急诊腹部手术的 317 例患者的医疗记录。使用改良营养法将患者按低或高营养不良风险组。低风险和高风险组细分为以下两类:在 48 小时内(“早期”)接受 PN 的人和未接受(“通常”)PN治疗的患者。研究人员还对患者的基线特征、疾病的初始严重程度、发病率和死亡率的数据进行了统计。最后比较了这些不同组患者每天的平均卡路里和蛋白质供应量差异。

 

研究初步结果显示所有组的患者在基线特征、初始状态和感染并发症方面均无显着差异。在主要观察结局方面,营养不良风险低的患者死亡率没有显着差异。然而,在营养不良风险高的患者中,“早期”接受PN的患者的 30 天死亡率(7.6% VS  26.7%,p = 0.006)和院内死亡率(13.6% VS 28.9%,p = 0.048)较低。这些组中 30 天死亡率的 Kaplan-Meier 生存曲线也显示出统计学上的显着差异(p = 0.001)。“早期”组和“普通”组的热量充足率分别为0.88±0.34和0.6±0.29。在“早期”组中接受的蛋白质量分别为 0.94±0.39 g/kg,在“普通”组中仅为为 0.47±0.34 g/kg。

 

本项研究证实在 cIAI 急诊手术后 48 小时内接受早期 PN 供应的高营养不良风险患者的死亡率明显低于早期未接受 PN 的患者。PN 可能是满足危重患者的热量和蛋白质需求的必要条件。

原始出处:

JoohyunSim. Et al. Early supplemental parenteral nutrition is associated with reduced mortality in critically ill surgical patients with high nutritional risk. Clinical Nutrition.2021.

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