Expert Opin Investig Drugs:TNF抑制剂治疗强直性脊柱炎的疾病改善情况

2022-02-23 医路坦克 MedSci原创

强直性脊柱炎(AS)是一种慢性风湿性疾病,属于脊柱性关节炎家族,TNFi在AS患者疾病活动的各个方面以及身体功能方面都显示出短期和长期的改善。

      强直性脊柱炎(AS)是一种慢性风湿性疾病,属于脊柱性关节炎家族。这组疾病有相似的遗传和免疫学背景,其最大特点是累及中轴骨骼。AS通常影响骶髂关节(SIJs)和凹陷,可能导致脊柱僵硬;然而,它也可以引起外周关节炎、葡萄膜炎或指炎。AS在欧洲的患病率为0.23%,在男性中更为常见,并可通过限制脊柱活动而导致重要的残疾。本文就肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)抑制剂(TNFi)在AS疾病修饰中的作用作一综述。我们将重点放在早期临床试验上,但我们也将讨论相关发现和最新亮点,以便更好地了解这些药物的疗效,并从优化抗TNF治疗的角度出发。非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)是一线治疗药物,但由于副作用,其使用受到限制。肿瘤坏死因子抑制剂(TNFi)是一种安全有效的治疗方法,已被批准用于AS的治疗。

     本文就TNFi在AS疾病防治中的作用作一综述。它侧重于早期临床试验的结果,但也讨论了最相关的发现,以优化抗肿瘤坏死因子的治疗。使用PubMed、Medline、Embase、Google Scholar和Cochrane图书馆进行文献搜索,查找从最初到2021年8月的科学出版物。

   根据ASAS/EULAR的建议,非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)是AS的一线治疗药物;然而,一些患者的反应可能不够充分,另一些患者需要连续使用才能避免症状;考虑到与NSAID相关的潜在风险和/或副作用,这并不总是可能的。在这些病例中,需要使用TNFi治疗。没有证据支持在轴性疾病患者使用传统的抗风湿性疾病药物(DMARDs)之前或与TNFi联合使用;然而,柳氮磺胺吡啶(SSZ)可以考虑作为一种替代药物,用于无轴性病变的周围性关节炎患者。

   英夫利昔单抗是一种人/鼠(分别为75%和24%)的IgG1K异型中和单克隆嵌合抗体,对人肿瘤坏死因子-α具有特异性和高亲和力。它被批准用于治疗AS,剂量为5毫克/公斤,静脉输注(I/V)。在治疗开始时,该剂量应在第一次输液后2周和6周重复,然后每6-8周重复一次。英夫利昔单抗是第一个被批准用于风湿病治疗的TNFi。一项开放标签的先导性研究评估了英夫利昔单抗方案在AS患者中的有效性和安全性证明了英夫利昔单抗在轴向和外周关节表现中的有效性。没有严重不良事件(SAE)的报道,也没有因不良事件(AEs)而停止治疗。

   依那西普是人TNF受体的二聚体融合蛋白,与人IgG1的Fc部分相连[31]。它是由重组脱氧核糖核酸(Dna)产生的,被批准用于治疗强直性脊柱炎,剂量为每周两次25毫克或每周皮下注射50毫克。AS的第一个依那西普试验是一项双盲、安慰剂对照研究,包括40名活动性疾病患者。参与者被随机分为每周两次服用25毫克依那西普或安慰剂,并进行了4个月的随访。在试验结束时,服用依那西普的患者中有80%对治疗有反应,而安慰剂组的这一比例为30%。通过EMS、脊柱疼痛、生活质量和急性期反应物等参数测量的疾病活动性得到明显改善。纵向分析显示,患者反应迅速,并随着时间的推移保持这种状态;在安全性方面,没有SAE的报告。

     TNFi在疾病的短期和长期管理方面代表着重大的治疗进步。与其寻找新的分子加入TNFi家族,也许未来在于生物仿制药的开发,以及TNFi管理的优化。TNFi在AS患者疾病活动的各个方面以及身体功能方面都显示出短期和长期的改善。它们彻底改变了疾病的管理;即使市场上有新药可用,TNFi仍未被取代用于AS的治疗,当非甾体抗炎药不再是一种选择时,TNFi仍然是最佳的替代方案。

文献来源:Garcia-Montoya L,  Emery P,Disease modification in ankylosing spondylitis with TNF inhibitors: spotlight on early phase clinical trials.Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021 Nov;30(11)

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    2023-01-15 tsing_hit
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    2022-03-26 jklm09
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    2022-11-02 zywlvao
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    2022-08-22 wangbingxhy
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    2022-02-23 仁心济世
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