Cell Metabolism:健身燃脂可以靠药物

2017-05-05 基因小生 医之道

年轻人,甚至是王德顺、杨幂伯父这样的健康老人,可以通过经常运动来保持良好的身体状态。但是极高龄老人、肥胖者或行动能力受限的人,很可能已经享受不到有氧运动的好处。

年轻人,甚至是王德顺、杨幂伯父这样的健康老人,可以通过经常运动来保持良好的身体状态。但是极高龄老人、肥胖者或行动能力受限的人,很可能已经享受不到有氧运动的好处。

既往的工作已经发现了跑步触发的基因通路,在此基础上,Salk研究所的科学家发现了用化学物质在久坐的小鼠中完全激活该途径的方法,可以模拟运动的有益作用,包括增加脂肪燃烧、增强耐力。该研究2017年5月2日发表于《细胞代谢》杂志,不仅加深了对有氧耐力的认识,而且为心脏病、肺部疾病、2型糖尿病或其他健康方面受限人士提供了通过药物获益的希望。

“众所周知,人们可以通过锻炼来提高有氧耐力。”通讯作者、霍华德?休斯医学研究所兼Salk研究所研究员Ronald Evans说,“我们的问题是:耐力的作用机制是怎样的?如果我们真正了解了这个科学原理,我们可以用药物来替代锻炼吗?”

发展耐力意味着能够持续进行更长时间的有氧活动。随着人们变得更加健壮,他们的肌肉从燃烧碳水化合物(葡萄糖)转变为燃烧脂肪。所以研究人员认为耐力可以让身体增强燃烧脂肪的能力,不过这个过程的细节仍不清楚。Evans实验室以前在PPAR delta(PPARD)基因方面的工作提供了有趣的线索:小鼠被基因工程化,以永久激活PPARD基因,于是这些小鼠就成了长跑小能手,它们对体重增加有抵抗力,对胰岛素具有高反应性——所有这些属性都与健壮的体格有关。研究团队发现,一种叫做GW1516(GW)的化合物能过同样激活PPARD,从而在正常小鼠中复制了在基因工程小鼠中观察到的体重控制和胰岛素反应性。然而,GW不会影响耐力(小鼠可以跑多久的能力),除非加上每天运动,否则无法用它代替运动。

在这项最新研究中,Salk研究所团队给正常小鼠更高剂量的GW,持续更长时间(以前是4周,这次是8周)。接受这种化合物的小鼠和通常不久坐的小鼠,都经过跑步机测试,看它们可以跑多久,直到力竭。

对照组中的小鼠可以在力竭前奔跑160分钟左右。然而,使用药物的小鼠能跑270分钟左右——时间延长了约70%。对于两组小鼠,力竭都发生于血糖(葡萄糖)下降到70mg/dl左右时,提示低血糖水平是造成疲劳的原因。

为了了解在分子水平上发生了什么,研究团队比较了小鼠主要肌肉中的基因表达。他们发现了给药后表达发生改变的975个基因,无论抑制还是增强。表达增加的是调控脂肪分解和燃烧的基因。令人惊讶的是,被抑制的基因与碳水化合物的分解供能有关。这意味着PPARD途径可以防止糖在运动过程中成为肌肉中的能量来源,可能是为了保护大脑中的糖。激活脂肪燃烧比碳水化合物燃烧需要的时间较长,这就是为什么身体通常使用葡萄糖,除非有一个原因使它不得不放弃使用葡萄糖——比如为了在高能量消耗期间维持大脑功能。虽然肌肉既可以燃烧糖也可以燃烧脂肪,但大脑更喜欢糖,这就解释了为什么达到极限状态的跑步者在葡萄糖供应耗尽时会感到身体和精神上的双重疲劳。

“这项研究显示,脂肪燃烧不仅是耐力的驱动力,更是以保存葡萄糖为目的的代偿机制。”Salk研究所高级科学家、该论文的共同通讯作者Michael Downes说,“PPARD通路抑制肌肉中所有的糖代谢相关点,所以葡萄糖可以重新分配给大脑,从而保护大脑功能。”

有趣的是,使用这种“运动药物”的小鼠肌肉没有表现出通常伴随有氧健身的生理变化:额外的线粒体、更多的血管,以及肌肉纤维从燃烧糖向燃烧脂肪的类型转变。这说明有氧耐力的促进不是只能通过这些变化;也可以通过对基因通路的化学活化来实现。除了耐力增加之外,接受药物的小鼠与不接受药物的小鼠相比,抵抗体重增加的能力和对胰岛素的反应更强。

“运动能激活PPARD通路,但我们的研究显示,不通过没有机械锻炼也能达到。这意味着你可以将耐力提升到跟经常锻炼的人相同的水平,而不需要真的去运动。”Salk研究所助理研究员、论文第一作者Weiwei Fan说。

当然,目前该实验室的研究还只是在小鼠中,还不能马上用到人身上,但制药公司也有兴趣利用该研究成果来开发人类的临床试验。研究团队可以设想一些基于GW的处方药治疗应用:从增加肥胖者或2型糖尿病患者的脂肪燃烧,到改善手术前后患者的体能。

原始出处:

Weiwei Fan, et al. PPARδ Promotes Running Endurance by Preserving Glucose. Cell Metabolism, 2017; 25 (5): 1186

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    2017-11-21 一闲
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    2018-04-20 维他命
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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Mon May 08 05:51:55 CST 2017, time=2017-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577167, encodeId=4a8a15e7167dc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d86d1159e36' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Metabolism#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11597, encryptionId=d86d1159e36, topicName=Metabolism)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a6516392333, createdName=1249859em43(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sun May 07 04:06:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1597965, encodeId=91b0159e96589, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c6f1e62c5' target=_blank 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  4. 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createdTime=Fri Apr 20 06:06:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869942, encodeId=a4561869942c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Mon Apr 02 07:06:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1887624, encodeId=f966188e62499, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Wed Aug 02 23:06:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195525, encodeId=b61e195525f3, content=受教了,多谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=84e21956153, createdName=1e1263e3m20(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon May 08 23:50:19 CST 2017, time=2017-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195177, encodeId=84141951e759, content=以后健身可以双向去选择, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ABO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1762, encryptionId=6c6f1e62c5, topicName=ABO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6c918580135, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Sun May 07 04:06:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=194717, encodeId=897b194e1767, content=学习,继续努力, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220317/1c3b2db4747d42e88e5018b394979434/be0fcebf07344e9ab886c37c502e2f29.jpg, createdBy=6bb22051299, createdName=微笑人参, createdTime=Sat May 06 23:30:02 CST 2017, time=2017-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=194397, encodeId=d1e619439efa, content=不错的方式,努力学习,刻苦专研,不断总结出来新经验。给点个赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sat May 06 07:00:05 CST 2017, time=2017-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-02 guojianrong
  5. 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encodeId=d1e619439efa, content=不错的方式,努力学习,刻苦专研,不断总结出来新经验。给点个赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sat May 06 07:00:05 CST 2017, time=2017-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-08 1e1263e3m20(暂无匿称)

    受教了,多谢分享

    0

  6. 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style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ABO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1762, encryptionId=6c6f1e62c5, topicName=ABO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6c918580135, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Sun May 07 04:06:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=194717, encodeId=897b194e1767, content=学习,继续努力, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220317/1c3b2db4747d42e88e5018b394979434/be0fcebf07344e9ab886c37c502e2f29.jpg, createdBy=6bb22051299, createdName=微笑人参, createdTime=Sat May 06 23:30:02 CST 2017, time=2017-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=194397, encodeId=d1e619439efa, content=不错的方式,努力学习,刻苦专研,不断总结出来新经验。给点个赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sat May 06 07:00:05 CST 2017, time=2017-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-08 有备才能无患

    以后健身可以双向去选择

    0

  7. 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topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Wed Aug 02 23:06:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195525, encodeId=b61e195525f3, content=受教了,多谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=84e21956153, createdName=1e1263e3m20(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon May 08 23:50:19 CST 2017, time=2017-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195177, encodeId=84141951e759, content=以后健身可以双向去选择, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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  8. 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encodeId=d1e619439efa, content=不错的方式,努力学习,刻苦专研,不断总结出来新经验。给点个赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sat May 06 07:00:05 CST 2017, time=2017-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-07 闆锋旦
  9. 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    2017-05-06 微笑人参

    学习,继续努力

    0

  10. 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