视网膜母细胞瘤B、C期治疗病例

2014-09-04 首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院 赵军阳 中国医学论坛报

视网膜母细胞瘤B期的肿瘤具有低度风险,主要特点是肿瘤不是弥漫的,没有玻璃体和视网膜下的种植。具体表现为:A期以外的位于视网膜内的肿瘤,不限制肿瘤的大小和位置;没有玻璃体和视网膜下的种植;视网膜脱离的范围局限在肿瘤基底部3毫米以内。 C期的肿瘤具有中度风险,主要特点是肿瘤的种植很细小,并且局限于肿瘤附近。具体表现是:玻璃体和视网膜下的种植很细小并局限于肿瘤周围3毫米以内,局部的放射性敷贴是可以治愈

视网膜母细胞瘤B期的肿瘤具有低度风险,主要特点是肿瘤不是弥漫的,没有玻璃体和视网膜下的种植。具体表现为:A期以外的位于视网膜内的肿瘤,不限制肿瘤的大小和位置;没有玻璃体和视网膜下的种植;视网膜脱离的范围局限在肿瘤基底部3毫米以内。

C期的肿瘤具有中度风险,主要特点是肿瘤的种植很细小,并且局限于肿瘤附近。具体表现是:玻璃体和视网膜下的种植很细小并局限于肿瘤周围3毫米以内,局部的放射性敷贴是可以治愈的,无论肿瘤的大小和位置,肿瘤都是分散的,视网膜下的液体局限于一个象限以内。

对于中等大小肿瘤(B期和C期),可先用化学减容方法缩小肿瘤,然后再结合局部治疗而治愈。化学减容包括全身系统化疗和眼动脉局部化疗;前者通过静脉给药,对全身(如果有早期的全身转移)都有作用,缺点是眼球内部化疗药物浓度低;后者通过眼动脉直接给化疗药物,眼内化疗药物浓度高,全身毒副作用小,缺点是局部副作用较大,费用较高。化疗会造成身体器官组织损伤,有些辅助用药必须使用,如止吐药物和升高白细胞的药物;但对于其他保护性用药,原则上不用或少用,例如,护肝药物在保护肝细胞的同时也保护了肿瘤细胞,只有在肝功能严重受损时[丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)升高5~10倍以上时]才考虑适当应用。有些营养药物禁止在化疗中使用,例如神经营养药物,因为视网膜母细胞瘤来源于神经组织,使用神经营养药物可加速肿瘤细胞生长,造成转移。

        图1 C 期[病例,a 治疗前较大肿瘤,b 治疗后残存少量钙化(死亡的肿瘤)和瘢痕组织]

 

病例,患儿出生于2005年5月15日,2005年11月发现左眼斜视,未重视就诊;2006年7月左眼出现白色反光,于2006年8月17日在我院诊断为双眼肿瘤,右眼C期(图1a),左眼E期;因为左眼没有视力也是最晚期,有转移风险,随后左眼摘除;3次化学减容后右眼肿瘤缩小,联合激光治疗稳定,仅残存少量钙化(死亡的肿瘤)和瘢痕组织(图1b摄于2013年5月23日)。家长发现眼睛异常应该及时到医院就诊,基层医生也应该做详细检查;这样才能早期发现,早期治疗。


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    2014-09-08 sweetai

    很好,非常有收获

    0

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    2014-09-06 zutt
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