Anaesthesia:糖化血红蛋白与非糖尿病患者术后并发症的风险

2022-03-19 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

据估计,英国成年人口的糖尿病患病率为7%。接受手术的糖尿病患者术后并发症的风险增加,死亡率大约是未接受手术的患者的两倍。

背景:据估计,英国成年人口的糖尿病患病率为7%。接受手术的糖尿病患者术后并发症的风险增加,死亡率大约是未接受手术的患者的两倍。令人担忧的是,可能有大量的外科患者患有糖尿病前期(也称为非糖尿病高血糖)或未被诊断为糖尿病,因此未得到治疗。糖尿病前期的定义是糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)为42-47mmol.mol-1(6.0%-6.4%),糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)为48mmol.mol.≥-1(6.5%)而未正式诊断为糖尿病。英国公共卫生组织估计,糖尿病前期在普通人群中的患病率为10.7%,未诊断的糖尿病为2.3%。

    根据前三个月的血糖或血糖标记物(HbA1c)测量,术前血糖控制不佳与不良的术后结果有关,包括:较高的感染率;急性肾功能衰竭;心肌梗死;住院时间延长;以及较高的死亡率。在那些以前不知道患有糖尿病的患者中,并发症的风险尤其高,观察数据表明,与那些没有糖尿病并保持正常血糖浓度的患者相比,这类患者的发病率风险增加了一倍,死亡率增加了12倍。这项工作潜在地突出了一个重要的高危人群,在他们中,改善血糖控制可以改善术后结果。然而,由于样本量不足以及慢性高血糖相关合并症引起的混淆的潜在影响,这些先前的数据有很大的局限性。这可能解释了为什么在随机对照试验中,围手术期血糖的短期纠正并不总是等同于减少术后并发症。因此,国家健康与护理卓越研究所(NICE)目前不建议对那些没有糖尿病的人在手术前测量HbA1c。

    为了阐明所有主要外科专业中非糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白与术后结果之间的关联,我们试图使用一项对潜在混杂因素进行充分控制的大型前瞻性队列研究设计。

目的:我们研究的目的是阐明糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)与无糖尿病诊断的患者的术后结果之间的关系。在2006年3月至2010年10月期间,英国生物库前瞻性队列研究招募了50万成年人。

方法:我们将参与者分为三组:无糖尿病诊断且HbA1c<42mmol.mol.1;无糖尿病诊断且HbA1c升高(≥为42mmol.mol.1,无上限);以及招募时普遍存在的糖尿病(无论HbA1c浓度如何)。我们通过联系常规收集的医院数据对参与者进行跟踪调查,以确定招募后进行的任何外科手术以及相关的术后结果。我们的主要预后指标是术后30天主要并发症和90天全因死亡率的综合主要结果。我们使用Logistic回归来估计按组划分的主要结果的概率。我们的分析仅限于那些在招募后一年内接受手术的患者(n=26653)。

结果:在综合效应Logistic回归模型中,与未患糖尿病且HbA1c<42mmol.mol?1的非糖尿病患者相比,糖化血红蛋白≥<42mmol.mol.1的糖尿病患者发生主要结果的几率增加(OR[95%CI]1.43[1.02-2.02];p=0.04)。非糖尿病患者术前HbA1c升高可能与并发症风险增加有关,但这种联系可能被终末器官共病混淆。

图1表示HbA1c和术后并发症之间的因果关系的非循环图。糖化血红蛋白;心肌梗死;充血性心脏病;外周血管疾病;以及综合,术后30天的主要并发症和90天的全因死亡。从HbA1c到综合结果的绿线表示HbA1c的直接偶然途径(直接影响)。蓝色的风险因素代表了HbA1c也通过其采取行动的调解人。如果在调整调节因素后,发现HbA1c与综合结果之间存在关联,这将表明HbA1c不依赖于调节因素,也就是说,对综合结果有直接影响。直接的效果将支持在手术前优化HbA1c。没有直接的影响会支持在手术前优化介体。

表1按外科专业划分的研究参与者在招募后一年内接受手术的并发症发生率。根据基线HbA1c和糖尿病的正式诊断进行分层。值为数字(比例)。

表2  Logistic回归分析,根据基线HbA1c和糖尿病的正式诊断,估计研究参与者在招募后一年内接受手术的综合主要结果(术后30天主要并发症和90天死亡率)的几率。

结论:与以前的证据相反,我们的研究结果表明,为了预防不良的术后结果,优化既有的发病率应该优先于降低非糖尿病患者的HbA1c。

原文出处:Lam S,  Kumar B,  Loke YK, et al.Glycated haemoglobin and the risk of postoperative complications in people without diabetes: a prospective population-based study in UK Biobank.Anaesthesia 2022 Mar 03

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    2022-05-02 丁鹏鹏
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    2022-05-09 AspirantSuo
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    2022-03-21 skhzy

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