外阴阴道萎缩新命名:绝经期生殖泌尿综合征

2013-11-13 EGMN 爱思唯尔

据估计,约有20%~40%的更年期妇女存在不同程度的外阴阴道萎缩,但这一名称并不能恰当描述女性可能出现的相关症状和体征。来自北美绝经学会(NAMS)和国际女性性健康研究协会(ISSWSH)的代表们提出了一个新名称:绝经期生殖泌尿综合征(GSM)。 今年早些时候,这两个组织召开了一场为期两天的会议,以考虑哪些名称比较合适。NAMS执行主任Margery Gass博士介绍,这次会议的目标是确

据估计,约有20%~40%的更年期妇女存在不同程度的外阴阴道萎缩,但这一名称并不能恰当描述女性可能出现的相关症状和体征。来自北美绝经学会(NAMS)和国际女性性健康研究协会(ISSWSH)的代表们提出了一个新名称:绝经期生殖泌尿综合征(GSM)。

今年早些时候,这两个组织召开了一场为期两天的会议,以考虑哪些名称比较合适。NAMS执行主任Margery Gass博士介绍,这次会议的目标是确定一个对专业人员、消费者和媒体均适用的全面的描述性术语。

参与者评价了生殖泌尿系统老化的症状和体征,以及可获得的相关数据,以确定新术语应当包括哪些成分,涵盖受影响的解剖学、描述性因素、该疾病导致的问题,以及生命阶段的背景。

Gass博士和哥伦布妇女健康研究中心主任David J. Portman博士,联合主持了这次共识会议。他们在10月份举行的NAMS年会上报告了这次会议得出的结论。

Gass博士指出:“之所以为这一疾病更名是出于多方面的考虑。在社会压力下,人们不愿公开讨论女性性行为和性健康问题。例如仍有很多媒体不愿使用‘阴道’这个词。而‘萎缩’这个词有令人不悦的内涵,而且并不是患者都有的。”

“事实上,萎缩本身是衰老的一部分,是很多女性都会经历的,而未闭是个问题;一些发生萎缩的女性并没有症状,而其他女性有明显症状。我们认为,‘绝经期生殖泌尿综合征’非常准确地描述了受累的各个身体部分——即生殖系统和下尿路。”

“综合征”这次词的使用进一步允许基于女性可能出现的症状作出诊断,而不局限于特定的症状。“这不是一种疾病或缺陷,因此我们认为‘绝经期生殖泌尿综合征’是个中性的、可接受的术语。”

名称的改变有可能引起更有建设性、促进健康的对话。Portman博士在发言时以男性性功能障碍为例,解释了一个能使患者和媒体更容易接受的术语可以如何开启会话、改变态度,并促进人们理解和接受更开放的传播。

1992年,国立卫生研究院的一个共识开发小组确定,“勃起功能障碍”这一术语优于“阳痿”。事实上,随着伟哥和其他与男性性健康相关的药物获准,“勃起功能障碍”目前已被广泛用于广告,被政治家和名人推动,并在社会上被公开讨论。

相反,女性性行为和性健康的开放性讨论仍然受到限制。事实上,对超过1,000名女性——包括330名年龄60~65岁的女性——的调查显示,75%的女性对“社会对女性性表达的约束强于对同龄男性性表达的约束”的说法表示“完全同意”。几乎同样多的女性完全同意“社会更接受讨论男性而非女性的性问题”的说法。超过半数女性完全同意“社会更倾向于相信没有性行为的女性”的说法。

“社会更易接受的”术语(与“阴道”一样,“阴茎”这个词仍然很少被公开使用)的使用已帮助男性性健康成为了一个主流话题;希望从“外阴阴道萎缩”过渡到“更年期生殖泌尿综合征”能给女性性健康带来相似的效果。

与会者达成了一致意见,GSM可被定义为“与雌激素水平降低有关的一系列症状和体征,可涉及大阴唇/小阴唇、前庭/阴道口、阴蒂、阴道、尿道和膀胱”。

这是一种如果症状令人困扰就可以加以治疗的综合征;应当在讨论治疗选项和风险/收益之后,根据症状的严重程度和女性的偏好的进行个体化治疗。

除了致力于就恰当命名达成一致之外,共识会议的参与者还在开发帮助临床医生评估该综合征患者的工具,目前还处于草案阶段。ISSWSH和NAM将在各自的官方期刊——《性医学杂志》和《绝经》杂志——发布工作组的进展情况。这两个组织还计划在今年12月份美国妇产科医师协会(ACOG)会议上提出新名称。届时,ACOG将审查所有与妇产科有关的术语并进行恰当的更新。

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    2014-01-22 chendoc252
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    2013-11-15 海豹
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