Cell子刊:为什么自闭症患者对疼痛不敏感?

2016-12-06 Flora 生物探索

导语自闭症患者多伴随有感官异常的症状,例如痛觉迟钝、眼神拒绝交流等等。他们常常会做出重复伤害自己的行为。为什么他们对于疼痛不敏感呢?杜克大学的科学家们发现,这或许与一种关键蛋白缺失有关联。约70%的自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)患者感官异于常人,他们多伴随有痛觉迟钝的症状。正因为对疼痛不敏感,所以自闭症患者常常会做出重复伤害自己的行为,例如敲击脑袋、撕扯头发等等。这一障碍为患者健康埋下了严重的隐患。为什

导语自闭症患者多伴随有感官异常的症状,例如痛觉迟钝、眼神拒绝交流等等。他们常常会做出重复伤害自己的行为。为什么他们对于疼痛不敏感呢?杜克大学的科学家们发现,这或许与一种关键蛋白缺失有关联。

约70%的自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)患者感官异于常人,他们多伴随有痛觉迟钝的症状。正因为对疼痛不敏感,所以自闭症患者常常会做出重复伤害自己的行为,例如敲击脑袋、撕扯头发等等。这一障碍为患者健康埋下了严重的隐患。

为什么他们对疼痛不敏感呢?杜克大学的科研团队近期发现,一种关键蛋白的缺陷会干扰疼痛信号的传递。他们首次将自闭症与一种疼痛信号传递受体TRPV1关联起来。相关研究成果于12月1日发表在Cell子刊《Neuron》。

TRPV1:疼痛受体

文章作者之一、杜克大学儿科和神经生物学副教授Yong-hui Jiang博士表示:“之前并没有足够的研究揭示自闭症感观异常背后的机制。但是一定程度上,它会影响大脑的发育。”

瞬时受体电位通道(TRP)是位于细胞膜上的一类重要的阳离子通道,该家族包括多种亚型,它们参与细胞钙信号调控、血管舒张、味觉、温度、渗透压等重要生理活动,其中一种亚型是辣椒素受体(TRPV)。

TRPV1属于辣椒素受体亚型,多表达于感觉神经元上。当TPRV1受体缺失,突变小鼠对于疼痛的敏感度降低。


感觉神经元中,SHANK3蛋白(红色)与TRPV1受体(绿色)互作

SHANK3:自闭症风险基因

2016年上半年,Yong-hui Jiang博士及其同事曾发表过一篇文章揭示:当敲除自闭症基因SHANK3后,突变小鼠会表现出典型的自闭症症状,包括社会交流障碍、异常动作频繁等等。值得注意的是,已有研究揭示,SHANK3基因缺失或功能丧失后,有84%的人会患有自闭症。

当时,他们并没有关注疼痛。在这一最新研究中,杜克大学医学院麻醉学部疼痛研究负责人、麻醉学和神经生物学家教授Ru-Rong Ji博士带领团队以SHANK3缺失小鼠为模型,发现相比野生型小鼠,突变小鼠对于温度、高温疼痛感应迟钝(疼痛类似于皮肤晒伤)。

SHANK3蛋白不仅仅在大脑中表达,还会在疼痛神经元束(背根神经节)表达。Ru-Rong Ji 教授强调:“SHANK3蛋白在周围神经系统表达是一个大惊喜。”

他们发现,背根神经节的感觉神经元中同时表达TRPV1和SHANK3蛋白,且两种蛋白存在互作。突变小鼠的SHANK3蛋白表达量下降了近一半,进而削弱了TRPV1传递疼痛信号的能力。这意味着,SHANK3蛋白对于痛感至关重要。

之前对于SHANK3蛋白的认知是它表达于突触后膜,以支架蛋白的身份确保特定受体接受化学递质。这一最新研究表明,除了突触后膜,SHANK3蛋白还在突触前膜表达。下一步,研究团队希望弄清楚SHANK3蛋白在突触前膜发挥的功能。

TRPV1受体抑制剂已经是科学家研究的重点,但是这些化合物有副作用。最新研究表明,或许我们可以阻断TRPV1和SHANK3蛋白的互作,从而避开抑制剂的副作用。

原始出处:

Qingjian Han4, Yong Ho Kim4, Xiaoming Wang4, Di Liu, Zhi-Jun Zhang, Alexandra L. Bey, Mark Lay, Wonseok Chang, Temugin Berta, Yan Zhang.SHANK3 Deficiency Impairs Heat Hyperalgesia and TRPV1 Signaling in Primary Sensory Neurons.neuron.2016.11

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    2019-09-21 tingyuliaochou_18670577

    我说为什么我小时候脑袋都撞凹了但一点都不痛

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=373033, encodeId=7f5c3e303313, content=我说为什么我小时候脑袋都撞凹了但一点都不痛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6e7e2184787, createdName=tingyuliaochou_18670577, createdTime=Sat Sep 21 22:28:32 CST 2019, time=2019-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959922, encodeId=fc9c195992278, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Feb 23 07:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869663, encodeId=45ff1869663da, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Mon May 22 09:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=161204, encodeId=574a1612046d, content=现在什么都可能找到相关基因……, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161128/IMG583C2801690655672.jpg, createdBy=8d5d1986050, createdName=为了宝宝, createdTime=Thu Dec 08 13:50:38 CST 2016, time=2016-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527638, encodeId=c7eb152e63873, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68b5863e5d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自闭#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86375, encryptionId=68b5863e5d2, topicName=自闭)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=159511872623, createdName=xiongke014, createdTime=Thu Dec 08 01:19:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160674, encodeId=93601606e422, content=自闭症跟基因相关~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Tue Dec 06 11:46:56 CST 2016, time=2016-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-02-23 维他命
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=373033, encodeId=7f5c3e303313, content=我说为什么我小时候脑袋都撞凹了但一点都不痛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6e7e2184787, createdName=tingyuliaochou_18670577, createdTime=Sat Sep 21 22:28:32 CST 2019, time=2019-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959922, encodeId=fc9c195992278, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Feb 23 07:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869663, encodeId=45ff1869663da, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Mon May 22 09:19:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=161204, encodeId=574a1612046d, content=现在什么都可能找到相关基因……, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161128/IMG583C2801690655672.jpg, createdBy=8d5d1986050, createdName=为了宝宝, createdTime=Thu Dec 08 13:50:38 CST 2016, time=2016-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527638, encodeId=c7eb152e63873, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68b5863e5d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自闭#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86375, encryptionId=68b5863e5d2, topicName=自闭)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=159511872623, createdName=xiongke014, createdTime=Thu Dec 08 01:19:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160674, encodeId=93601606e422, content=自闭症跟基因相关~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Tue Dec 06 11:46:56 CST 2016, time=2016-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2016-12-08 为了宝宝

    现在什么都可能找到相关基因……

    0

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    2016-12-08 xiongke014
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    2016-12-06 Lisa971

    自闭症跟基因相关~

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