NATURE:我国科学家揭示m6A调控造血干细胞命运决定新机制”

2017-09-25 佚名 NSFC

血液,是生命的源泉。不断流动的血细胞既可以运输营养物质,又起到免疫保护作用。在发育过程中,所有的血细胞都来源于胚胎期产生的造血干细胞。随后,这些干细胞会迁移至成体骨髓以维持终身造血,此外,它们也是骨髓移植术治疗恶性血液疾病的核心组分。但在临床上,造血干细胞来源匮乏一直是制约血液疾病治疗的瓶颈。因此,探索造血干细胞的体内发育机制以及建立体外诱导扩增方案便成为当今科学界的研究热点。目前,人们对于造血干



血液,是生命的源泉。不断流动的血细胞既可以运输营养物质,又起到免疫保护作用。在发育过程中,所有的血细胞都来源于胚胎期产生的造血干细胞。随后,这些干细胞会迁移至成体骨髓以维持终身造血,此外,它们也是骨髓移植术治疗恶性血液疾病的核心组分。但在临床上,造血干细胞来源匮乏一直是制约血液疾病治疗的瓶颈。因此,探索造血干细胞的体内发育机制以及建立体外诱导扩增方案便成为当今科学界的研究热点。目前,人们对于造血干细胞的体内发育已有基本的认识。在其发育的每个阶段都有多个关键基因协同调控,这些基因经过转录产生信使RNA,再经过翻译形成特定蛋白质以发挥其生物学功能。近两年,科学家对于信使RNA的转录后修饰尤为关注,其中,m6A(N6-甲基腺嘌呤)是最常见、最丰富的真核生物信使RNA转录后修饰形式之一,但是,人们对其生物学功能和作用机制的认识却极其有限。

为了探究RNA转录后修饰与血液发育的关系,课题组开展了长期的合作研究,首先报道了斑马鱼中的m6A甲基转移酶复合体(Cell Res, 2014)。在此基础上,通过m6A测序技术(m6A-Seq),发现缺失m6A甲基转移酶mettl3后,m6A在胚胎发育相关mRNA中的富集程度显着下降。同时,在斑马鱼的血液-血管系统中,可检测到mettl3的特异性表达。由此推测,m6A修饰与血液发育过程密切相关。系统的表型检测显示,在mettl3缺失的胚胎中,造血干细胞不能正常产生,血管的内皮特性却明显增强,内皮-造血转化(EHT)过程受到阻断。m6A-Seq和RNA-Seq综合分析发现,在mettl3缺失的胚胎中,一系列动脉内皮发育相关的基因,尤其是notch1a的m6A修饰水平显着降低,而其mRNA水平却显着升高。上述结果证明,m6A修饰与EHT过程中内皮和造血基因表达的平衡调控相关。此外,YTHDF2-RIP-Seq和单碱基分辨率的m6A-miCLIP-Seq发现,m6A通过YTHDF2介导notch1a mRNA的稳定性,以维持EHT过程中内皮细胞和造血细胞基因表达的平衡,进而调控造血干细胞的命运决定。上述结果在小鼠中也得到了验证,证明m6A对造血干细胞命运决定的调控在脊椎动物中是保守的。

该工作揭示了m6A mRNA甲基化修饰在脊椎动物造血干细胞命运决定中的调控机制,丰富了对m6A mRNA甲基化在正常生理状态下的生物学功能的认识,为体外诱导扩增造血干细胞提供了理论指导。

原始出处:

Chunxia Zhang,Yusheng Cheng,et al.m6A modulates haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell specification.Nature 14 September 2017

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    2018-07-24 liye789132251
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    2018-02-15 kcb077
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    2017-09-27 俅侠