Gastroenterology:还敢滥用抗生素吗?幽门螺杆菌都开始耐药啦!

2021-07-10 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

全球范围内对幽门螺杆菌的抗微生物耐药性有所增加

尽管全球范围内对幽门螺杆菌的抗微生物耐药性有所增加,但根据性别、年龄、种族、生活方式习惯、社会经济地位、地理分布,尤其是国家抗生素消耗率的不同,耐药模式也有所不同。因此,幽门螺杆菌尚未纳入当地、地区和国家的易感性数据。

美国休斯顿弗吉尼亚州医疗中心2015年的一项研究报告称,幽门螺杆菌对克拉霉素的耐药性从2009–2010年的9.1%增加到2011–2013年的24.2%;20.3%的菌株对甲硝唑耐药。在美国,幽门螺杆菌对四环素、阿莫西林和利福布汀的耐药性一直较低。

最近,来自美国休斯顿贝勒医学院的专家报告了2017-2018年在美国20个州的临床研究点进行的一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照幽门螺杆菌根除研究的抗菌药物敏感性。结果发表在最新的Gastroenterology杂志上,这些数据代表了15年多来最大规模的幽门螺杆菌药物敏感性调查。

455名患者被纳入一项双盲三期临床研究,该研究评估了阿莫西林-利福布丁-奥美拉唑的固定剂量三联疗法与固定剂量双疗法比较者(阿莫西林-奥美拉唑)的疗效。从美国51个中心(20个州)的未接受治疗的患者中回收的345个临床分离株获得了最低抑制浓度,占研究(补充方法)中登记患者总数的76%。

在345名患者中,131名为男性(38%),平均患者年龄为46.4±13岁(范围为18-70岁)。在所有位点,利福布丁的耐药率为0.0%,阿莫西林的耐药率为6.4%,克拉霉素的耐药率为17.4%,甲硝唑的耐药率为43.6%。但大多数受试菌株(93.6%)对试验中使用的药物组合(阿莫西林加利福布丁)敏感。

其中,甲硝唑和克拉霉素双重耐药率为10.5%。利福布丁的最低浓度为0.008mg/ml,阿莫西林为0.125 mg/ml,克拉霉素为8 mg/ml,甲硝唑为64 mg/ml。甲硝唑耐药性与西班牙裔和女性相关,但与年龄无关。克拉霉素耐药患者年龄稍大(50.1±11岁vs 45.6±13岁)。

在71株对左氧氟沙星和四环素耐药的菌株中,41株(57.8%)对左氧氟沙星耐药,2株(2.8%)对四环素耐药。与克拉霉素耐药患者一样,左氧氟沙星耐药患者年龄较大(53.3±9岁vs 45.3±11岁,P .002)。最重要的是,几乎四分之一的克拉霉素耐药患者(17/71或23.9%)对左氧氟沙星有双重耐药。71株克拉霉素耐药菌株中有22株(31%)对甲硝唑和左氧氟沙星双重耐药性。16.9%的分离株(12/ 71)对3种抗生素均耐药。

为了从地理角度更好地描述数据,美国被划分为东部、中部和西部三个地区。克拉霉素耐药性从美国西部的11.1%到东部各州的23.2%不等(P .03)。甲硝唑耐药率在各地区均较高,从35.5%到49.7%不等。阿莫西林耐药率在5.3%至8.3%之间。由于对左氧氟沙星或四环素的耐药性测试数量较少,因此无法检测是否存在显著的地区差异。

综上,幽门螺杆菌耐药值得重视,以使临床医生能够可靠和成功地根除幽门螺杆菌感染

参考文献:

National and Regional US Antibiotic Resistance to Helicobacter pylori: Lessons From a Clinical Trial. Gastroenterology 2021;161:342–344

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    2021-07-14 许安
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    2022-01-16 kcb069
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    2022-06-12 zchen
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    2021-07-11 81252974

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