JAMA:合并OSA的顽固性高血压患者持续气道正压通气可获益

2013-12-16 晓静 编译 医学论坛网

超过70%的难治性高血压患者有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA),但鲜有证据表明持续气道正压通气(CPAP)对顽固性高血压(resistant hypertension)患者血压的影响。近期西班牙一项研究表明,在合并OSA的顽固性高血压患者中,CPAP治疗12周可使其24小时平均血压和舒张压以及夜间勺型高血压模式有所改善。相关论文2013年12月11日在线发表于《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)。

超过70%的难治性高血压患者有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA),但鲜有证据表明持续气道正压通气(CPAP)对顽固性高血压(resistant hypertension)患者血压的影响。近期西班牙一项研究表明,在合并OSA的顽固性高血压患者中,CPAP治疗12周可使其24小时平均血压和舒张压以及夜间勺型高血压模式有所改善。相关论文2013年12月11日在线发表于《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)。

该开放标签、随机多中心临床研究共纳入194例呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)≥15的顽固性高血压患者,分成两组,分别给予其维持常规血压控制药物的同时联合CPAP(CPAP组n =98)或单纯维持常规血压控制药物治疗(对照组n = 96)。主要终点为12周后患者24小时平津血压变化,次要终点为其他血压指标变化和夜间血压模式变化。对所有患者均进行意向分析治疗(ITT)和方案分析。

结果显示,每例患者的平均AHI为 40.4 (SD 18.9),抗高血压药平均为3.8种。基线24小时平均血压为103.4 mm Hg;收缩压(SBP)144.2 mm Hg和收缩压(DBP) 83 mm Hg。基线时有25.8%的患者表现为勺型高血压(与白天平均血压水平相比,夜间平均血压水平至少降低10%)。每日应用CPAP治疗时间≥4h的患者百分比为72.4%。

在研究期间,对比分析ITT组间的血压变化显示,与对照组相比,CPAP组的24小时平均血压(3.1 mm Hg,P =0 .02)和24小时DBP的降低幅度(3.2 mm Hg,P =0 .005)更大,但SBP并非如此(3.1 mm Hg,P =0 .10)。另外,随访12周时表现为夜间勺型高血压模式的患者百分比在CPAP组中较高(35.9% vs 21.6%,校正比值比2.4,P =0 .02)。应用CPAP治疗时间与24小时平均血压(P = 0.006)、SBP(P = 0.02)和DBP降低(P = 0.005)呈显著正相关关系。

原文出处:

Martínez-García MA, Capote F, Campos-Rodríguez F, Lloberes P, Díaz de Atauri MJ, Somoza M, Masa JF, González M, Sacristán L, Barbé F, Durán-Cantolla J, Aizpuru F, Mañas E, Barreiro B, Mosteiro M, Cebrián JJ, de la Peña M, García-Río F, Maimó A, Zapater J, Hernández C, Grau SanMarti N, Montserrat JM; Spanish Sleep Network.Effect of CPAP on blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and resistant hypertension: the HIPARCO randomized clinical trial.JAMA. 2013 Dec 11;310(22):2407-15. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.281250.

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    2013-12-18 bioon3
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