ENS 2014:2014 阿尔茨海默病全新治疗指南

2014-08-25 zhoulindandy 丁香园

伊斯坦布尔(土耳其)最近发布了两项欧洲指南——阿尔茨海默病(AD)治疗指南与森林脑炎(TBE)治疗指南。这两项指南由欧洲神经病学学会、欧洲神经病学学会联合会共同努力完成。也在最近,这两个医学机构合二为一,统称欧洲神经病学协会。本文只介绍 AD 治疗指南。AD 治疗指南向中、重度 AD 患者推荐(weak recommendation)胆碱酯酶抑制剂(ChEIs)与美金刚联合使用,尤其对出现明显行为

伊斯坦布尔(土耳其)最近发布了两项欧洲指南——阿尔茨海默病(AD)治疗指南与森林脑炎(TBE)治疗指南。这两项指南由欧洲神经病学学会、欧洲神经病学学会联合会共同努力完成。也在最近,这两个医学机构合二为一,统称欧洲神经病学协会。本文只介绍 AD 治疗指南。


AD 治疗指南向中、重度 AD 患者推荐(weak recommendation)胆碱酯酶抑制剂(ChEIs)与美金刚联合使用,尤其对出现明显行为症状的重度 AD 患者,更是强烈推荐。

指导委员会采用等级评估、开发及评价(GRADES)系统对几项关于美金刚联合 ChEIs 治疗的研究进行回顾性分析。该 DRADES 系统组成包括患者类型、干预措施、对照措施和临床结局(PICO),结局的重要性判定采用 9 分制,证据质量分级,研究局限,证据不一致性,不精确性,间接性和出版偏见。

该指南是在 24 日欧洲神经病学学会会议上提出的。奥地利格拉茨医科大学神经科学副主席,兼奥地利神经科学学会会长 Reinhold Schmidt 教授说:“以上每一项组分都很重要,对推荐强度均具有较大影响”。

采用二次投票表决制度,专题小组讨论产生强弱建议主要基于以下 4 点关键因素:证据的可靠性、利弊权衡、价值与参数选择、成本费用。PICO 问题主要集中四点来评估 ChEIs- 美金刚联合疗法是否比 ChEIs 单独疗法更适合用于中重度 AD 患者,以改善全球 AD 患者的临床印象、认知功能、行为和日常活动能力。当然,这也要考虑严重副作用的发生率。

讨论组研究痴呆和认知功能改善的数据,疾病的各种治疗方法。研究包括对中、重度 AD 患者的分析,至少评估一个 PICO 问题的结果,采用随机、双盲、对照的设计方案。

对于中、重度 AD 患者,讨论小组成员一致认为,联合使用 ChEIs 与美金刚利大于弊。据不完全统计,该联合疗法对 AD 患者的日常生活活动能力、认知功能及总体临床表现方面有所改善,而对于行为症状的改善是有充分证据的。

Schmidt 教授说,“该联合疗法的推荐指数较弱,是因为它对 AD 患者总体临床表现、认知功能、日常生活活动能力方面的改善幅度并不明显”。

随后,本次会议主席,来自奥地利多瑙河大学的临床神经病学教授 Michael Brainin 先生在 Medscape 医学新闻报道中说道:“联合使用 ChEIs 与美金刚,代替单药治疗 AD,在国际上是首创,之前也从未有人证实该联合疗法的优越性”。他认为这两种药物很快就会得到推广,价格不宜太贵。

然而,有个问题一直困扰着他——“弱推荐”(weak recommendation)这一术语用词。他说:“经过大量的统计分析和整理相关的优劣势后,我们得到的却是一个口语化的结论。我们对这个词语不是很满意,听起来像保健人员的措辞,无形中带有不推荐的意思。”他建议 GRADE 系统认真对待这个词语的含义,必要时应重新调整。

他指出,薄弱的证据(weak evidence)同样是证据。“与此相反则是没有证据,这么弱的证据可能是很好的证据, 有可能为临床决策提供很好的参考,尤其是在诊疗过程中。”他还补充道,“对此我们很难实施随机对照试验,如患者早期与晚期诊疗,或首日行头颅 CT 与次日行头颅 MRI。”

当 AD 患者的行为症状成为主导症状时,或患 AD 若干年后出现明显的日常活动障碍时,Brainin 教授强烈推荐 ChEIs- 美金刚联合疗法。他说,“当上述情况出现时,则应该果断采取 ChEIs- 美金刚联合疗法。”

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    2014-08-26 rosa00tong

    阿尔茨海默病的治疗之路漫长崎岖

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