Mol Pharmaceutics:科学家开发可卡因过量致死的解毒剂

2012-04-25 Beyond 生物谷

斯克里普斯研究所的科学家已经证明,注射一种溶液可以保护给予致命的过量可卡因的小鼠免于死亡。这一发现可能进一步开展人体临床试验,旨在扭转紧急情况下可卡因治疗的不良作用。超过400,000急诊室病例使用可卡因,在美国每年约5000人因可卡因过量而死亡。相关研究论文发表在Molecular Pharmaceutics杂志上。 免疫学与微生物学系教授Kim Janda博士,该研究主要作者说:“这将是第一

斯克里普斯研究所的科学家已经证明,注射一种溶液可以保护给予致命的过量可卡因的小鼠免于死亡。这一发现可能进一步开展人体临床试验,旨在扭转紧急情况下可卡因治疗的不良作用。超过400,000急诊室病例使用可卡因,在美国每年约5000人因可卡因过量而死亡。相关研究论文发表在Molecular Pharmaceutics杂志上。

免疫学与微生物学系教授Kim Janda博士,该研究主要作者说:“这将是第一个可卡因中毒的特效解毒剂”。这是一种人源抗体,因此它是相对安全的,对可卡因有较好的亲和力,我们已经在可卡因过量模型上证实了这一抗体的功效。

Janda和他的实验室的同事们已经开发出可卡因、海洛因、尼古丁等毒品(药物)的候选疫苗。但其中大部分活性疫苗能促发机体对毒品长期的抗体反应,大大降低其到达大脑的能力。吸毒过量的紧急情况需要快速长效解毒,这些都可能对成瘾和复发有帮助,但刺激有效的抗体反应需要数周时间。

Janda和他的实验室在2005年发表报告说,注射鼠源性抗可卡因抗体——GNC92H2能保护老鼠存活,尽管已经给予了致死剂量的可卡因。鼠抗体在人身上使是用不理想的,因为它们是外来物质,我们人体的免疫系统最终会针对它们做出反应,清除它们。

Janda和Jennifer B. Treweek博士在新研究中采用了可以产生可卡因分子的全人类抗体的遗传工程小鼠。这些抗体中最好的是GNCgzk,其与可卡因的亲和力是2005年研究设计的分子GNC92H2的10倍。

在初步测试中,科学家们发现在给予致命剂量的可卡因前30分钟注射GNCgzk抗体,结果会大大降低致命剂量的可卡因注射过量所带来的后果如动作笨拙和癫痫,并且所有治疗的老鼠都是存活的。相比之下,约有一半未给予抗体的老鼠和15%的给予GNC92H2抗体的老鼠出现死亡。

在模拟现实生活中的可卡因用量过多的紧急情况测试中,老鼠首次给予可卡因过量,三分钟后注入GNCgzk。约有一半未给予抗体的老鼠死亡。虽然GNC92H2将死亡率降低到28%,但新GNCgzk抗体能将死亡率降低到20%。更引人注目的是,精简版本的GNCgzk——F(ab')2-gzk只含有可卡因结合抗体的片段,其能降低死亡率为零。

Janda和Treweek正在试图找到生产F(ab')2-gzk F解药经济、能大批量生产的方式。Janda表示:如果我们能做到这一点,那么将没有理由不将此研究成果推入临床试验。(生物谷:Bioon.com)

doi:10.1021/mp200588v
PMC:
PMID:

An Antidote for Acute Cocaine Toxicity

Jennifer B. Treweek† and Kim D. Janda*†‡

Not only has immunopharmacotherapy grown into a field that addresses the abuse of numerous illicit substances, but also the treatment methodologies within immunopharmacotherapy have expanded from traditional active vaccination to passive immunization with anti-drug monoclonal antibodies, optimized mAb formats, and catalytic drug-degrading antibodies. Many laboratories have focused on transitioning distinct immunopharmacotherapeutics to clinical evaluation, but with respect to the indication of cocaine abuse, only the active vaccine TA-CD, which is modeled after our original cocaine hapten GNC,(1) has been carried through to human clinical trials.(2) The successful application of murine mAb GNC92H2 to the reversal of cocaine overdose in a mouse model prompted investigations of human immunoglobulins with the clinical potential to serve as cocaine antidotes. We now report the therapeutic utility of a superior clone, human mAb GNCgzk (Kd = 0.18 nM), which offers a 10-fold improvement in cocaine binding affinity. The GNCgzk manifold was engineered for rapid cocaine clearance, and administration of the F(ab′)2 and Fab formats even after the appearance of acute behavioral signs of cocaine toxicity granted nearly complete prevention of lethality. Thus, contrary to the immunopharmacotherapeutic treatment of drug self-administration, minimal antibody doses were shown to counteract the lethality of a molar excess of circulating cocaine. Passive vaccination with drug-specific antibodies represents a viable treatment strategy for the human condition of cocaine overdose.

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    2013-03-06 shanyongle
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    2012-09-08 jj000001
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    2012-08-21 zhouqu_8
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1655648, encodeId=de57165564831, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2a011829d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ACE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1829, encryptionId=2a011829d7, topicName=ACE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=635024767990, createdName=shanyongle, createdTime=Wed Mar 06 10:17:00 CST 2013, time=2013-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1787116, encodeId=0ba11e871167d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fa03141591e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Pharm#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14159, encryptionId=fa03141591e, topicName=Pharm)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8942242, createdName=jj000001, createdTime=Sat Sep 08 08:17:00 CST 2012, time=2012-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1776791, encodeId=37b11e767914d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c8929103e76' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#解毒剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91037, encryptionId=c8929103e76, topicName=解毒剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3b539021454, createdName=wangtianj2020@, createdTime=Thu Apr 04 10:17:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1908143, encodeId=b4e819081435f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a8d0141605e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#pharma#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14160, encryptionId=a8d0141605e, topicName=pharma)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Tue Aug 21 03:17:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1995870, encodeId=398919958e027, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ed881120ec8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MAC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11207, encryptionId=ed881120ec8, topicName=MAC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b65161, createdName=yb6560, createdTime=Mon Jul 30 05:17:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1481666, encodeId=ddc714816668c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7099384244c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#可卡因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38424, encryptionId=7099384244c, topicName=可卡因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbbf7815801, createdName=12498b3em10(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Apr 27 02:17:00 CST 2012, time=2012-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1575184, encodeId=1aaf15e518448, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6b10112139c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MACE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11213, encryptionId=6b10112139c, topicName=MACE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2c1f16064818, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Fri Apr 27 02:17:00 CST 2012, time=2012-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-07-30 yb6560
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    2012-04-27 lfyang

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