Ann Oncolo:“滴血”辅助癌症治疗,科学家有新成果

2017-05-08 佚名 生物探索

“滴血测癌”固然不严谨,但是利用血液来开展与癌症相关的研究以及所获得的突破成果应该被肯定。近日,英国研究人员表示,利用ddPCR的方法检测患者血液中的雄激素受体基因拷贝数,可以判断前列腺癌患者对靶向治疗的反应,这种方法成本低,且临床门槛也比较低。

上周,“滴血测癌”的新闻刷爆了朋友圈。不过,小编想说,“滴血测癌”固然不严谨,但是利用血液来开展与癌症相关的研究以及所获得的突破成果应该被肯定。Nature等著名国际期刊也频频发文证实了血液循环肿瘤细胞、循环肿瘤DNA在癌症监测、预后判断等领域中的应用前景。5月3日,英国研究人员在Annals of Oncology杂志上展示了一种血液检测方法,可以用来区分哪些前列腺癌患者能够从靶向治疗中获益。



用血液检测来确定癌症患者适合哪种疗法

从整体来看,这项研究的核心大抵为:通过检测患者血液中的雄激素受体基因拷贝数,可以判断前列腺癌患者对靶向治疗的反应,采用的方法为ddPCR检测

这项研究由英国癌症研究所的Gerhardt Attard引领,共有265名晚期前列腺癌患者参与。研究人员测量了这些患者的雄激素受体基因拷贝数,这些基因存在于患者血液循环肿瘤DNA中,与患者的存活率有关。研究人员发现,ddPCR试验可以量化血液中雄激素受体的状态,雄激素受体阳性患者总生存率和无进展生存率都较差

已知雄激素受体在前列腺癌的发生和发展中起到关键性作用。Enzalutamide和abiraterone是雄激素受体抑制剂,对转移性去势耐受的前列腺癌患者有显着疗效。200多名患者中,有171名在接受多西他奇化疗前进行了abiraterone或enzalutamide治疗,98名在接受多西他奇化疗后进行了abiraterone或enzalutamide治疗。

研究人员收集了这些患者的ddPCR数据以及二代测序数据,结果发现两组数据在拷贝数以及雄激素受体等位基因突变频率上表现出一致的结论。

他们还发现,在接受化疗的男性中,血浆雄激素受体异常的发生率较高。进一步研究发现,无论是已接受化疗还是未接受化疗的患者,血浆雄激素受体拷贝数增加与整体治疗结果、无进展生存期较差有关。在研究期间,雄激素受体基因拷贝数增倍的患者死亡风险增加4倍

值得注意的是,研究团队在另外一个单独的研究队列中也得到了相似的结论。该项研究共涉及94名患者,患者血浆在enzalutamide治疗前被收集。试验结果再次表明,雄激素受体增加与更低的总生存率显着相关。

新方法成本低、临床门槛低,不过仍需验证

临床除了关注技术能解决的问题以外,还注重技术的成本。因为临床是面向大多数患者,如果价格太高,则不利于技术的应用普及。不过,根据研究人员的描述,这项技术有着“双低”的优势——成本低,临床门槛低。

研究人员认为,ddPCR检测可以相对容易地进入临床实验室。Attard说,“我们的方法成本低于50美元,并且能快速生成结果,有望通过国民医疗保险制度在医院实验室中完成。我们期望这种方法能早日通过临床试验评估,并成为病人标准护理的一部分。”

作者在一份声明中表示,他们已经开发出了一种强大的测试方法,可在诊所中用于鉴别哪些晚期前列腺癌患者可能对abiraterone和enzalutamide治疗做出反应,以及哪些患者可能需要其他的治疗方法。

不过,研究人员指出,这种方法并不能控制血浆中的DNA含量,因此可能导致一些偏差。另外,本研究规模比较小不足以改变当前的治疗方法,仍需更大的研究来验证。

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    2017-08-19 wgx306
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    2017-11-19 minlingfeng
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    2017-05-08 luominglian113

    接地气,学习了

    0

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    2017-05-08 dhzzm

    学习了分享了

    0

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