Nature:揭蛋白质间的分子竞争可驱动成体干细胞特异性分化

2014-08-12 佚名 生物谷

成年机体,不论是果蝇还是人类的机体中都包含有许多成体干细胞,当这些成体干细胞中的一部分分化为机体所需的特殊细胞时,其他的成体干细胞则会通过细胞分裂来自我更新;理解控制成体干细胞自我更新和特殊分化的分子机制,对于开发靶疗法来治疗疾病、组织损伤等症状非常重要。 近日,刊登在国际杂志Nature上的一篇研究论文中,来自美国密苏里州斯托瓦斯医学研究所(Stowers Institute for M

成年机体,不论是果蝇还是人类的机体中都包含有许多成体干细胞,当这些成体干细胞中的一部分分化为机体所需的特殊细胞时,其他的成体干细胞则会通过细胞分裂来自我更新;理解控制成体干细胞自我更新和特殊分化的分子机制,对于开发靶疗法来治疗疾病、组织损伤等症状非常重要。

近日,刊登在国际杂志Nature上的一篇研究论文中,来自美国密苏里州斯托瓦斯医学研究所(Stowers Institute for Medical Research)的科学家通过研究报道了两种蛋白:Bam和COP9之间的竞争作用或许可以平衡果蝇机体卵巢生殖干细胞(GSC)的自我更新和分化功能。

研究者Ting Xie博士表示,Bam是雌性果蝇GSC系统的主要分化因子,为了实现从自我更新到特殊分化的开关控制,Bam必须使得自我更新因子的功能失活,与此同时还必须激活分化因子的功能;Bam是由一种名为bag-of-marbles的基因编码的,该基因在分化细胞中可以高水平表达,而在果蝇的GSC细胞中却处于较低水平。

Bam靶向作用的一个自我更新因子就是COP9信号小体(CSN),CSN是一种保守具有多功能的复合体,其包括从CSN1到CSN8 8种亚单位;这项研究中,研究者发现CSN4是这8个亚单位中唯一一个参与雌性果蝇GSC分化调节的一个亚单位,研究者Xie说道,CSN4和其它CSN蛋白具有相反效应的一种可能性解释就是Bam隔离CSN4可以使得其它CSN蛋白具有分化促进的功能。

作为一种强大的成体干细胞研究系统,雌性果蝇的GSCs就可以帮助研究者们揭示许多新型的调节特性;本文中研究者希望鉴别出在CSN4的帮助下COP9如何促进GSC的自我更新,而在没有CSN4下GSC又如何增强成体干细胞的分化。

目前研究者已经揭示了Bam可以使得另外一种GSC自我更新的促进子失活,即真核生物起始因子4A(elF-4A),该起始因子在基因表达过程中扮演着重要角色;Xie指出,其它实验室研究发现Bam同样可以抑制一种名为Nanos的蛋白的表达,而该蛋白和COP9类似,因此蛋白质Nanos对于雌性果蝇GSCs的建立和自我更新的维持非常重要。

原始出处:

Lei Pan, Su Wang, Tinglin Lu, Changjiang Weng, Xiaoqing Song, Joseph K. Park, Jin Sun, Zhi-Hao Yang, Junjing Yu, Hong Tang, Dennis M. McKearin, Daniel A. Chamovitz, Jianquan Ni & Ting Xie.Protein competition switches the function of COP9 from self-renewal to differentiation.Nature.doi:10.1038/nature13562

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    2014-08-26 liye789132251
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