eLife: 生物信息学显示两药联合靶向抗癌可能提高疗效

2013-07-23 koo biodiscover

哈佛大学的一项新发现正在造就现代医学史上的新的圣杯:彻底治愈癌症。 近日,一项在线刊登在《eLife》杂志上的研究详细描述了这项新的医学里程碑。数学生物学家、进化动力学项目主任 Martin Nowak 和数学博士后研究员 Ivana Bozic 作为该里程碑的塑造者指出,应用两种抗癌药物联合靶向治疗,在某些情况下可有效地治愈几乎所有的癌症,这种治疗方法是一种基于中断癌症的生长和扩散能力的治

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Variability in treatment response to monotherapy among six patients.

Patients were treated with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. Patients P1 and P2 achieved a complete response. Patient P3 had stable disease. Patients P4, P5, and P6 had partial responses. The minimal detection size (indicated by discontinuous red line) was assumed to be ≈63 × 106 cells.

哈佛大学的一项新发现正在造就现代医学史上的新的圣杯:彻底治愈癌症。

近日,一项在线刊登在eLife杂志上的研究详细描述了这项发现。数学生物学家、进化动力学项目主任 Martin Nowak 和数学博士后研究员 Ivana Bozic 作为该里程碑的塑造者指出,应用两种抗癌药物联合靶向治疗,在某些情况下可有效地治愈几乎所有的癌症,这种治疗方法是一种基于中断癌症的生长和扩散能力的治疗方式。

尽管这项新的研究理论不能治愈癌症,但它仍为许多患者带来了希望。“这就好比数学一样,它可以计算如何将火箭送到月球,却不能告诉我们如何建立一个火箭发射到月球。” Nowak 说。研究人员发现一旦基因组内产生一个可同时对抗两种抗癌药物的单点突变,那么将导致两药联合抗癌失败。因此关键之处在于找出药物之间存在零重叠的两种抗癌药物。

这种两药联合的给药方式必须符合两种抗癌药物同时给药的原则,这一观点与现今很多医生治疗癌症的方法背道而驰。

“实际上,我们有点对着干的现状。但是通过我们的模型可以展示,如果不能同时给药,治疗肯定失败。” Nowak 说。

Nowak 早期的一些研究就显示出多药物联合靶向抗癌的重要性。单一药物靶向治疗尽管暂时有效,但最终会抗癌失败,因为长期服用单一抗癌药物最终会导致疾病的抗药性。

为了验证两药联合的作用效果, Nowak 和 Bozic 开启了一个巨大的数据库,此数据库专门搜集患者应对单药物靶向治疗的反应,由纽约的纪念斯隆 - 凯特琳癌症中心的临床医生提供。通过手中掌握的这些数据,研究人员能够建立多药物联合靶向治疗的计算机辅助模型。通过模拟虚拟病人来检测疾病对多药物联合治疗的反馈效果。

对于单药物靶向治疗,基因组内有多个位点,一旦这些位点发生突变将导致单药物靶向治疗失败。因此,在单药物靶向治疗的模型中,我们应用的计算参数是,第一种药物必须被这些可能发生的突变击败,同样第二种药物仍旧可被这些突变击败。

研究人员期望用两药联合的方法治愈大多数癌症患者,但对于病情极其严重的患者可能需要三药联合治疗,但两药联合治疗已经基本能够治愈大部分癌症患者。

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Tumor response to mono and dual therapy.

为避免开发出的药物受到同一突变的攻击,制药公司正在制定一系列新的策略,包括使用不同的抗癌药物针对不同的抗癌通路。许多大型制药公司正在积极开发抗癌药物,很快有可能达到 100 多种抗癌新疗法,这意味着将有近 10000 多种可能的药物组合。因此在两药联合的选择上应慎重。

“我们很有自信,未来 50 年内许多癌症将被治愈。100 年前许多人类死于细菌感染,而今已被治愈。现在许多人类死于癌症,我们不能帮助他们。一旦两药联合这种有针对性的疗法被实施,我们将能够帮助更多的人。” Nowak 说。

原始出处:

Ivana Bozic, Johannes G Reiter, Benjamin Allen, Tibor Antal, Krishnendu Chatterjee, Preya Shah, Yo Sup Moon, Amin Yaqubie, Nicole Kelly, Dung T Le, Evan J Lipson, Paul B Chapman, Luis A Diaz, Bert Vogelstein, Martin A Nowak. Evolutionary dynamics of cancer in response to targeted combination therapy. eLife, June 25, 2013; DOI: 10.7554/eLife.00747

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    2014-01-13 lqvr
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    2013-11-13 clmlylxy
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    2014-03-16 膀胱癌
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