Cell Reports:基因的随机选择决定你的大脑如何思考

2018-09-27 小通 生物通

大脑中如此多不同的、高度特异的神经元是怎么出现的?伯尔尼大学生物中心研究人员开发的数学模型表明,不同基因的变体使得这种随机多样性成为可能


大脑中如此多不同的、高度特异的神经元是怎么出现的?伯尔尼大学生物中心研究人员开发的数学模型表明,不同基因的变体使得这种随机多样性成为可能。

大脑中如此多不同的、高度特异的神经元是怎么创造出来的?伯尔尼大学生物中心研究人员开发的数学模型表明,不同基因的变体使得这种随机多样性成为可能。科学家在《Cell Reports》中描述,尽管新形成的神经元数量不胜枚举,但基因的异构体为神经元提供独特、精确的特殊功能。

大脑是我们身体最复杂的器官,由大约1000亿个神经元组成。为了信息的无差错传输和功能正常,不同细胞必须与正确的交互伙伴连接方式进行编程。基因决定神经元的功能。然而,仅仅大约30000个不同的基因是不足以创建个体神经元必要的多样性的。

伯尔尼大学生物中心Attila Becskei的研究小组,研究了胚胎干细胞在神经元成熟过程中的发育过程,建立了胚胎干细胞发育的数学模型。他们证明了观察到的神经元多样性和精确性是通过基因的变体,即所谓的同源异构体实现的。

基因变体确保独特性

单个基因的不同变体使个体神经元的多样性发育得以实现。“只有结合了同源异构体,才有可能由数量相当有限的基因产生如此多样的神经元群体。异构体的组合是随机选择的。然而,这种随机过程可以导致单个细胞中表达的异构体有巨大的差异。”Becskei说。然而,重要的是具有相同或相似数量的表达基因,使神经元与其他神经元能特异的相互作用。

数量庞大却有独特性

单个神经元的发育是一种随机释放的大规模生产。成百上千的神经元就像装配线一样形成。但如何才能在这个过程中实现精确性?结果让研究人员惊讶“我们的数学模型表明,组合多样性和精度不是相互对立的现象,而是携手并进,共同作用的,”Becskei解释说。与先前的预期相反,在神经元成熟期间,细胞中不同异构体的数量和排他精度同时增加。简单的说,更多的异构体差异,它们在个体神经元中将更为独特和更均匀的分布。

由于每个基因的表达方式不同,并不是所有的基因都有不同的亚型,所以这些发现尚不能应用于所有的基因。将来,Becskei研究小组计划研究更多的基因探索确保神经元独特性的策略。哪个功能与每个神经元的唯一性联系起来是另一个需要讲述的故事。

原始出处:

Takeo Wada, et al.Stochastic Gene Choice during Cellular Differentiation.Cell Reports, Vol. 24, Issue 13, p3503–3512.Published in issue: September 25, 2018

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870880, encodeId=151818e088078, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Wed May 15 04:17:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961151, encodeId=a7c4196115142, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sat Mar 02 08:17:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=348137, encodeId=179234813ef5, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83epDwpsoGVlSIrXVJCDrsNXhyYdkbFrOwTcPD91DqchLJc6N4rNnAoPpdEP0iaApLCorK7auBE5K8mw/132, createdBy=9e7f2413579, createdName=骨科论道, createdTime=Sat Oct 06 06:14:30 CST 2018, time=2018-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=346991, encodeId=b1eb3469918c, content=不错的文章值得拥有哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eff51996281, createdName=1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 27 22:52:06 CST 2018, time=2018-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-03-02 维他命
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870880, encodeId=151818e088078, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Wed May 15 04:17:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961151, encodeId=a7c4196115142, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sat Mar 02 08:17:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=348137, encodeId=179234813ef5, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83epDwpsoGVlSIrXVJCDrsNXhyYdkbFrOwTcPD91DqchLJc6N4rNnAoPpdEP0iaApLCorK7auBE5K8mw/132, createdBy=9e7f2413579, createdName=骨科论道, createdTime=Sat Oct 06 06:14:30 CST 2018, time=2018-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=346991, encodeId=b1eb3469918c, content=不错的文章值得拥有哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eff51996281, createdName=1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 27 22:52:06 CST 2018, time=2018-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-10-06 骨科论道

    不错

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870880, encodeId=151818e088078, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Wed May 15 04:17:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961151, encodeId=a7c4196115142, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sat Mar 02 08:17:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=348137, encodeId=179234813ef5, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83epDwpsoGVlSIrXVJCDrsNXhyYdkbFrOwTcPD91DqchLJc6N4rNnAoPpdEP0iaApLCorK7auBE5K8mw/132, createdBy=9e7f2413579, createdName=骨科论道, createdTime=Sat Oct 06 06:14:30 CST 2018, time=2018-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=346991, encodeId=b1eb3469918c, content=不错的文章值得拥有哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eff51996281, createdName=1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 27 22:52:06 CST 2018, time=2018-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-09-27 1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称)

    不错的文章值得拥有哦

    0