Cell Metabolism:酗酒克星!这种产生于肝脏的激素能减少50%酒精摄入

2022-02-23 nagashi “生物世界”公众号

众所周知,喝酒有害健康,过度饮酒会对身体健康产生负面影响,诱发一系列慢性疾病,例如动脉粥样硬化、心脑血管疾病、神经系统疾病,乃至增加多种胃癌、肝癌等多种癌症风险。

众所周知,喝酒有害健康,过度饮酒会对身体健康产生负面影响,诱发一系列慢性疾病,例如动脉粥样硬化、心脑血管疾病、神经系统疾病,乃至增加多种胃癌、肝癌等多种癌症风险。

酒精使用障碍(AUD)的特点是戒酒后一段时间会慢性复发,这已成为世界范围内的重大公共卫生问题之一。成功治疗酒精使用障碍的最重要方法是防止对酒的高度渴望和复发。不幸的是,目前还没有令人满意的医疗干预来预防酒精成瘾复发。

有趣的是,人类和灵长类的肝脏可以产生的一种名为成纤维细胞生长因21(FGF21)的激素,它可以抑制灵长类动物的酒精摄入。然而,FGF21发出抑制酒精摄入信号的神经回路仍不清楚

近日,美国爱荷华大学卡佛医学院的研究人员在 Cell 子刊 Cell Metabolism 上发表题为:FGF21 suppresses alcohol consumption through an amygdalo-striatal circuit(FGF21通过杏仁核-纹状体回路抑制酒精摄入)的研究论文。

该研究表明,给非人灵长类动物注射FGF21及其类似物可以减少50%的酒精摄入。此外,研究人员发现,FGF21通过大脑杏仁核基底外侧的KLB表达神经元亚群控制饮酒,以此证明了FGF21治疗过度饮酒的潜力

何以解忧?唯有杜康。在中国,传说最早发明酒的是夏朝国君杜康。有意思的是,科学家发现,酒并不独属于人类,早在人类发明酿酒工艺之前,哺乳动物就学会从发酵的水果中摄取酒精。

考虑到过度饮酒会对健康和生存产生负面影响,哺乳动物进化出相应的生理系统来感知和调节酒精摄入量也就不足为奇了。最近几年,科学家们通过全基因组关联研究发现,FGF21和KLB基因中的多个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与人类饮酒增加有关。

爱荷华大学卡佛医学院的 Matthew Potthoff 教授表示:“在考虑这些特定机制是如何以及为什么进化的时候,有趣的是,调节FGF21介导的抑制糖和酒精摄入的神经回路显然是独立产生的,而不是对共同的选择压力做出反应。”

本研究的模式图

FGF21是肝脏在应对代谢和营养挑战时产生的,它可以穿过血脑屏障传递到中枢神经系统,具有调节能量稳态和大量营养平衡的功能。此外,一些研究发现,向小鼠的中枢神经直接递送FGF21可以降低其酒精偏好。

但遗憾的是,虽然科学家们已经发现大脑中的多巴胺水平受到FGF21的影响,但FGF21具体通过哪种神经回路调节对酒精消费的抑制尚不清楚。

在这项最新的研究中,研究团队发现,在对酒精有强烈先天偏好的非人类灵长类动物——西非绿猴(Chlorocebus sabaeus)中,使用FGF21及其类似物可以减少西非绿猴50%的酒精摄入量。

不仅如此,即使是在因长期接触酒精而产生酒精依赖的小鼠和灵长类动物中,注射FGF21和FGF21类似物也会显着减少实验动物的酒精摄入量。

FGF21及其类似物抑制西非绿猴的酒精摄入

研究团队进一步探究了FGF21和FGF21类似物产生酒精抑制效应的神经机制。研究人员发现,FGF21改变伏隔核(nucleus accumbens)中的谷氨酸传递,这一大脑区域在奖励和成瘾方面起着复杂的作用,并通过杏仁核基底外侧的KLB表达神经元亚群抑制酒精摄入。

FGF21改变伏隔核中的谷氨酸传递

简单来说,从杏仁核基底外侧投射到伏隔核的神经元中的FGF21信号通过改变这些神经元中特定亚群的活动来抑制酒精摄入。作者表示,还需要更多的研究来揭示FGF21在酒精偏好的实验动物中对这些神经元活动的具体影响。

FGF21向杏仁核基底外侧表达KLB的神经元发出信号,以抑制酒精摄入

本研究的通讯作者之一 Kyle Flippo 博士表示:“这项研究结果提供了一种肝脏到大脑内分泌反馈回路的机制,该机制的功能大概是保护肝脏免受损害。FGF21的中心分子和细胞效应为未来的研究提供了一个机会,目前的研究数据表明,FGF21类似物可能为酒精使用障碍和相关诊断提供一种潜在的治疗选择。”

 

原始出处:

Kyle H. Flippo, et al.FGF21 suppresses alcohol consumption through an amygdalo-striatal circuit. Cell Metabolism, 2022, VOLUME 34, ISSUE 2, P317-328.

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    2022-03-27 一闲
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    2022-08-15 维他命
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    2022-12-08 guojianrong
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2042909, encodeId=4b3420429090f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=981895492d6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#酒精摄入#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95492, encryptionId=981895492d6, topicName=酒精摄入)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=86b7385, createdName=lqrandywkz, createdTime=Mon Oct 10 04:37:10 CST 2022, time=2022-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896983, encodeId=cfde1896983f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sun Mar 27 13:37:10 CST 2022, time=2022-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1962703, encodeId=5e131962e0326, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Mon Aug 15 19:37:10 CST 2022, time=2022-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888413, encodeId=2bcb18884132d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Thu Dec 08 18:37:10 CST 2022, time=2022-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1872378, encodeId=14b818e23784d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Mon Aug 15 02:37:10 CST 2022, time=2022-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577285, encodeId=2ffc15e728551, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d86d1159e36' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Metabolism#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11597, encryptionId=d86d1159e36, topicName=Metabolism)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a6516392333, createdName=1249859em43(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Feb 22 11:37:10 CST 2022, time=2022-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1598161, encodeId=cb83159816196, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c6f1e62c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ABO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1762, encryptionId=6c6f1e62c5, topicName=ABO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6c918580135, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Tue Feb 22 11:37:10 CST 2022, time=2022-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2022-02-22 闆锋旦

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