Cell子刊:肥胖小鼠不愿动?为什么哩

2017-01-03 生物探索 生物探索

导读:锻炼对于健康的意义毋庸赘述,但是肥胖的人和其他动物却不太爱动。通常,我们认为这是因为多余的体积让他们行动不便。但是,最新的研究却证实,之所以不愿意“动弹”,是因为多巴胺信号通路发生缺陷,与多余的体重无关。

导读:锻炼对于健康的意义毋庸赘述,但是肥胖的人和其他动物却不太爱动。通常,我们认为这是因为多余的体积让他们行动不便。但是,最新的研究却证实,之所以不愿意“动弹”,是因为多巴胺信号通路发生缺陷,与多余的体重无关。



2016年告罄,是不是有一些愿望和规划还没来得及实现?看书、运动、减肥……诸如此类的决心曾经信誓旦旦地许诺,却难以执行、一拖再拖。其中,很多人对坚持锻炼犯难,特别是肥胖人群。这是为什么呢?

12月29日,《Cell Metabolism》期刊在线发表一篇文章揭示了肥胖人群难以坚持运动的原因。来自于美国国家糖尿病、消化及肾脏疾病研究所的研究团队以肥胖小鼠为受试对象,发现它们之所以不愿意“动弹”,是因为多巴胺信号通路发生缺陷,与多余的体重无关。

高脂肪饮食抑制多巴胺信号

锻炼对于健康的意义毋庸赘述,但是我们不太清楚为什么肥胖的人和其他动物都不太爱动。通常,我们认为是多余的体积让他们行动不便。但是,Alexxai V. Kravitz带领研究团队却发现,之前的认知并不能解释全部。

Kravitz之前曾研究过帕金森症,几年前他转向研究肥胖,并发现肥胖小鼠和帕金森小鼠行为有相似之处。基于观察结果,他推测肥胖小鼠不爱运动的原因有可能与多巴胺系统功能障碍有关。

“之前已有多个研究将多巴胺信号缺陷与肥胖关联起来分析,但是多数人关注的是“奖励过程”——小鼠摄取不同食物的感受存在哪些差异?现在,我们着手于更简单的东西:多巴胺对于运动而言至关重要,而肥胖动物不愿运动,那么多巴胺信号是否与这一结果有关呢?” Kravitz解释道。

Kravitz带领团队将小鼠随机分成两组:一组以健康食物喂养,另一组以高脂肪食物喂养,共培养18周。他们发现:试验开始后的第二周,高脂肪饮食组小鼠就开始发胖;第四周,变胖的小鼠花费在运动上的时间减少,且移动速度减慢。而且,高脂肪饮食小鼠在体重增加之前,就已经开始减少活动量,这意味着,超重并不是运动减少的全部原因。

多巴胺受体缺陷,导致小鼠不爱运动

研究人员检测了两组小鼠大脑多巴胺信号通路中6个关键因子发现,肥胖、不活跃小鼠大脑缺乏多巴胺受体D2。而且,当他们敲除正常体重小鼠的D2受体,这些突变小鼠即便摄取高脂肪食物,体重也不会快速增加,但是活动量却明显下降。相反,当它们恢复肥胖小鼠的Gi信号,它们的活动量会增加。



这表明,高脂肪饮食会抑制D2受体的活力,从而导致不爱运动。但是D2受体欠缺,并不会增加小鼠对高脂肪饮食的敏感性,不会影响体重。他们认为,虽然可能还存在其他未知因素,但是D2受体的欠缺足以解释运动量为什么减少。

Kravitz 表示:“在许多情况下,意志力可以影响行为。但是如果我们不了解行为背后的生理知识,意志力改变行为会很困难。”他强调,我们对于肥胖人群不爱运动的研究,有助于减少他们的纠结和负面情绪。

下一步,研究团队将试图解析不健康饮食影响多巴胺信号的机制,同时弄清楚如果小鼠恢复合理的饮食结构,它们将需要多久能够重返正常的运动量。


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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869708, encodeId=ac2a1869e08a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=13, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sun Oct 29 10:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959967, encodeId=165e195996e25, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sat Dec 16 23:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=168686, encodeId=d70a16868609, content=有意思,基因的错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d5a1812418, createdName=ms8253890721363845, createdTime=Sat Jan 07 23:10:31 CST 2017, time=2017-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167721, encodeId=227b16e72106, content=那岂不是降脂药可以治疗PD, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=387c1637569, createdName=liusanxin, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 18:40:42 CST 2017, time=2017-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-16 维他命
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869708, encodeId=ac2a1869e08a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=13, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sun Oct 29 10:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959967, encodeId=165e195996e25, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sat Dec 16 23:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=168686, encodeId=d70a16868609, content=有意思,基因的错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d5a1812418, createdName=ms8253890721363845, createdTime=Sat Jan 07 23:10:31 CST 2017, time=2017-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167721, encodeId=227b16e72106, content=那岂不是降脂药可以治疗PD, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=387c1637569, createdName=liusanxin, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 18:40:42 CST 2017, time=2017-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-01-07 ms8253890721363845

    有意思,基因的错

    0

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    2017-01-03 liusanxin

    那岂不是降脂药可以治疗PD

    0