华人科学家发现能永久阻止癌细胞增殖的基因

2012-08-02 生物探索 生物探索

近日,凯斯西储大学医学院研究人员发现,当癌细胞中表达的基因Chk1发生突变后,在没有任何化疗药物干预下会导致癌细胞增殖永久性的停止,并引起细胞死亡。这项研究说明了一个前所未有的发现即人为地单独激活Chk1是足以杀死癌细胞的。 研究人员发现能永久阻止癌细胞增殖的基因 Chk1蛋白是细胞发育中的一个关卡(checkpoint):阻止正常细胞和受损细胞发生分裂直到它们的DNA完全复制或修复。对于

近日,凯斯西储大学医学院研究人员发现,当癌细胞中表达的基因Chk1发生突变后,在没有任何化疗药物干预下会导致癌细胞增殖永久性的停止,并引起细胞死亡。这项研究说明了一个前所未有的发现即人为地单独激活Chk1是足以杀死癌细胞的。

研究人员发现能永久阻止癌细胞增殖的基因

研究人员发现能永久阻止癌细胞增殖的基因

Chk1蛋白是细胞发育中的一个关卡(checkpoint):阻止正常细胞和受损细胞发生分裂直到它们的DNA完全复制或修复。对于所有细胞甚至是癌细胞的分裂而言Chk1-S是必须的,因而如果通过过量表达Chk1-S完全抑制它,这些细胞也不能生长,而在正常的非分裂细胞中,Chk1-S表达量接近于零。

有了这一发现,科学家可以阻止癌细胞的扩散。Zhang博士的研究小组在研究基因组完整性的基本机制的同时,意外地发现了人Chk1的突变形式。这种突变的Chk1蛋白的构象改变导致该蛋白以无效形式进入一个活跃的形式。

“我们发现了癌症治疗的一个新方向,且这一新方向正引导我们通向新的癌症治疗,相比化疗或放疗大大减小毒性效应。利用这一发现,科学家们能够终止癌细胞的增殖,让医生获得时间修复细胞和遗传错误,”凯斯西储大学医学院药理系助理教授、综合癌症中心成员张有为(译:Youwei Zhang)博士说。

值得注意的是,该研究小组发现在癌细胞中表达该基因时,Chk1的这种积极的突变形式会永久性停止癌细胞增殖并引起细胞死亡。这提示化疗药物组合Chk1抑制剂可以达到协同杀伤肿瘤作用。细胞应对DNA损伤激活的信号通路,被称为细胞周期检控点。这些基因途径的中心就是蛋白激酶Chk1。

Chk1促进细胞存活包括癌细胞,在压力条件下如化疗药物诱导下,通过短暂阻断细胞周期进程协调修复DNA错误。长期以来,人们一直认为,Chk1抑制与化疗或放疗相结合能大大提高这些疗法的抗癌作用。这种想法已经为多个制药公司所接受,并积极寻找潜在Chk1的抑制剂。到今天为止,没有一种Chk1抑制剂已通过临床试验的第三阶段。这导致Zhang博士团队寻找靶向Chk1的替代策略治疗癌症。

Zhang博士和他的团队未来的研究将考虑两种可能的有办法人为地激活肿瘤细胞Chk1。一种可能性是采用基因治疗的概念使得Chk1的活性突变形式进入癌细胞。另一种是寻找小分子可诱导Chk1发生构象的变化,使它们可以达到癌细胞以激活Chk1分子。最后结果就是永久的抑制细胞增殖和癌症。

CHK1促进肿瘤功能还体现在另一项研究,来自中山大学肿瘤防治中心的康铁邦教授及其团队发现,在肝细胞癌中, HCC患者的细胞周期检测点激酶1(CHK1)被频繁的过表达,而且这与不良预后结果一致。进一步研究发现,CHK1抑制剂GÖ6976能够使HCC细胞对顺铂(一种广谱抗癌药物)敏感,这表明CHK1可能具有促癌功能。

阻止癌细胞增殖的物质有很多,不仅包括Chk1蛋白和紫杉醇,还包括异黄酮。国外学者经过调查发现,随着居民每天大豆制品消费的增加,乳腺癌的相对危险性呈下降趋势,其机制就是大豆异黄酮具有阻止癌细胞的增殖,促使癌细胞死亡的作用。

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    2012-08-04 yxch36
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