hypertension:血氯水平是高血压患者死亡率的独立预测因素

2013-11-12 佚名 丁香园

血氯水平与患者死亡率的Cox回归分析 研究要点: 1.既往研究证实,较高的血氯水平与患者心血管疾病发生率和死亡率降低相关; 2.本研究发现,血氯水平是高血压患者死亡率的独立预测因素,血氯水平越低,患者死亡率越低; 3.仍需更多研究进一步评估,除外其他危险因素影响后,血氯水平与高血压患者死亡率的相关性。 既往数据表明,增加膳食摄入氯可增加增加血压,但与此相矛盾的是,较高的血氯水平与患者


血氯水平与患者死亡率的Cox回归分析

研究要点:

1.既往研究证实,较高的血氯水平与患者心血管疾病发生率和死亡率降低相关;

2.本研究发现,血氯水平是高血压患者死亡率的独立预测因素,血氯水平越低,患者死亡率越低;

3.仍需更多研究进一步评估,除外其他危险因素影响后,血氯水平与高血压患者死亡率的相关性。

既往数据表明,增加膳食摄入氯可增加增加血压,但与此相矛盾的是,较高的血氯水平与患者心血管疾病发生率和死亡率降低相关。这意味着,血清氯离子独立于血压、血清钠离子和碳酸氢盐,是高血压患者疾病风险的独立预测因素。基于此,来自英国格拉斯哥大学的Linsay cCallum博士等人进行了一项研究,研究结果在线发表于hypertension杂志上。

本研究对12968名高血压患者进行了35年的随访,采用Cox比例风险模型来测试血氯基线水平是否是高血压患者死亡率的独立预测因素。为了排除血清钠离子、碳酸氢根离子的影响,对测定结果进行了相应调整,并根据血钠、碳酸氢根、及氯离子水平进行了分层。通过估测的方程判断血氯水平对随访患者死亡率的影响。本项研究随访患者的风险的总时间为197101人年。研究指出,血氯水平低于100 mEq/L患者较其他患者心源性及非心源性死亡率升高20%.血氯每增加1mEq/L,全因死亡率减少1.5%.血钠大于135mEq/L且血氯大于100mEq/L组患者生存率最高,相比之下血钠大于135mEq/L且血氯小于100mEq/L组患者死亡率明显减低。血氯水平越低,患者死亡率越低。

本研究建立在既往血氯水平与患者心血管疾病发生率和死亡率相关研究基础上,研究发现,血氯水平是高血压患者死亡率的独立预测因素,血氯水平越低,患者死亡率越低。但仍需更多研究进一步评估,除外其他危险因素影响后,血氯水平与高血压患者死亡率的相关性。

研究背景:

压力排钠假说,单基因高血压,饮食中的盐摄入量减少可降低血压水平的证据,都说明血钠水平血压的主要决定因素。氯离子是细胞外液中主要的阴离子,与钠离子一起存在,来源于每日饮食摄入。因此,很多观点认为氯离子与钠离子对血压作用一致。然而,也有越来越多的人类和动物研究提示血压水平与食盐中的氯离子而非钠离子关系更大。

越来越多的研究结果提示,血氯离子在调节细胞内液容量、细胞内外液体转运、平滑肌细胞收缩、突出传递等方面起到很大作用。也有证据表明,氯离子在肾小管髓袢升支粗段的炎症反应中起到一定作用。近来研究提示,阻断小鼠血管内皮生长因子受体3可引起氯离子积累,并引起血压升高,这一结果独立于血清钠离子水平及水的含量。但由于氯离子的变化会引起血清钠离子、钾离子、碳酸氢根的变化,因此很难将其作用独立开来。

本研究建立在既往血氯水平与患者心血管疾病发生率和死亡率相关研究基础上,为了排除血清钠离子、碳酸氢根离子的影响,对测定结果进行了相应调整,并根据血钠、碳酸氢根、及氯离子水平进行了分层。得出结论血氯水平是高血压患者死亡率的独立预测因素,但仍需更多研究进一步评估,除外其他危险因素影响后,血氯水平与高血压患者死亡率的相关性。

原文出处:

McCallum L, Jeemon P, Hastie CE, Patel RK, Williamson C, Redzuan AM, Dawson J, Sloan W, Muir S, Morrison D, McInnes GT, Freel EM, Walters M, Dominiczak AF, Sattar N, Padmanabhan S.Serum chloride is an independent predictor of mortality in hypertensive patients.Hypertension. 2013 Nov;62(5):836-43. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01793. 

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