Mol Cell:新基因LKB1阻止肺癌细胞转移

2014-07-22 佚名 生物帮

肺癌,也会影响非吸烟者,是世界上癌症死亡的主要原因。根据美国国家癌症研究所统计,美国在肺癌治疗上的花费超过120亿美元。然而,肺癌的存活率不容乐观,由于疾病极易转移到整个身体,有80%的患者在诊断后5年之内死亡。 为了获得转移性,癌细胞会覆盖一般保持细胞根植在它们各自位置的细胞器。癌症可以迂回地打开和关闭细胞膜上突起的分子锚(称为附着斑复合物),为迁移准备细胞。这使得癌细胞开


肺癌,也会影响非吸烟者,是世界上癌症死亡的主要原因。根据美国国家癌症研究所统计,美国在肺癌治疗上的花费超过120亿美元。然而,肺癌的存活率不容乐观,由于疾病极易转移到整个身体,有80%的患者在诊断后5年之内死亡。

为了获得转移性,癌细胞会覆盖一般保持细胞根植在它们各自位置的细胞器。癌症可以迂回地打开和关闭细胞膜上突起的分子锚(称为附着斑复合物),为迁移准备细胞。这使得癌细胞开始经过血流遍历体内,在新的器官驻留下来。

除了不同的癌症能控制这些锚之外,大约五分之一的肺癌病例缺失一个抗癌基因,称为LKB1(又名STK11)。缺失LKB1的癌症通常是侵袭性的,可在体内迅速蔓延。然而,没有知道LKB1和粘附斑之间是如何关联的。

现在,索尔克研究小组发现了这个关联,并发现了一个新的治疗靶点:一个鲜为人知的基因,称为DIXDC1。研究人员发现,DIXDC1接受来自LKB1的指令,转到粘着斑,并改变它们的数量和大小。

当DIXDC1被“打开”,半打左右的粘着斑变大并具有粘性,将细胞锚定在它们的位置。当DIXDC1被阻断或灭活时,粘着斑变小和量大,导致数百只小“手”向前拉动细胞,以响应细胞外的线索。转移的倾向增加,有助于癌细胞从肺部逃跑,可让肿瘤细胞存活下来,经过血液并停留在体内各处的器官。

本研究第一作者、博士研究生Jonathan Goodwin称:“LKB1和DIXDC1之间的交流可引起细胞内的一种‘锁定(stay-put)’信号。人们了解较少的DIXDC1,在癌症和转移中原来是被抑制的。”

Shaw和同事在新的研究中发现,肿瘤有两种方法来关闭这个“锁定”信号。一是通过直接抑制DIXDC1。另一种方法是通过删除LKB1,然后不再给DIXDC1发信号转到粘着斑锚定细胞。鉴于此,科学家们想知道,是否复活DIXDC1就能停止癌症的转移。他们获取了转移细胞,这些细胞具有低水平的DIXDC1,并在细胞中过度表达这个基因。DIXDC1的加入,确实在体内和体外削弱了这些细胞的转移能力。

Goodwin称:“这非常非常的奇怪,这个基因会如此强大。在这项研究开始时,我们也不知道DIXDC1会参与转移。LKB1会影响许多蛋白质;单独一个基因控制如此多的表型,是我们没有预料到的。”

现在,对具有LKB1或DIXDC1改变的癌症,还没有特定的治疗方法,但是具有这些基因缺失的癌症,可以通过靶定粘着斑的癌症药物得以治疗。

Shaw说:“好消息是,这一发现可预测,缺失任一基因的患者,应该会对靶定粘着斑酶的新疗法发生反应,当前这种疗法症处于早期临床试验的检测当中。”

Goodwin补充说:“通过识别某些肿瘤中DIXDC1和LKB1之间这种意想不到的关联,我们已经扩大了潜在的患者群体,他们可能是这些疗法的优秀候选人。”

原始出处:

Jonathan M. Goodwin, Robert U. Svensson, Hua Jane Lou, Monte M. Winslow, Benjamin E. Turk, Reuben J. Shaw.An AMPK-Independent Signaling Pathway Downstream of the LKB1 Tumor Suppressor Controls Snail1 and Metastatic Potential.Molecular Cell 

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    2014-12-31 维他命
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    2014-07-24 yxch36
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    2014-07-24 zz72
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    2014-07-24 piaojinhua
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