Sci trans med:新一代抗生素成功抵抗耐药菌

2015-05-26 佚名 生物谷

基于结构对早期使用的抗生素奇霉素进行化学修饰,科学家们研发出了新一代奇霉素抗生素。第二代奇霉素能抑制对各种抗生素耐受的肺炎链球菌的生长,并对导致呼吸道疾病的嗜血杆菌和卡塔莫拉菌的抗菌能力增强,对军团杆菌和性传播的淋球菌和衣原体的抗菌能力也有所增强。 细菌的耐药性问题越来越严重,正常剂量的药物无法发挥应有的杀菌效果,给疾病的治疗造成困难。目前认为抗药性的产生是微生物基因突变造成的。为防止和减少抗药

基于结构对早期使用的抗生素奇霉素进行化学修饰,科学家们研发出了新一代奇霉素抗生素。第二代奇霉素能抑制对各种抗生素耐受的肺炎链球菌的生长,并对导致呼吸道疾病的嗜血杆菌和卡塔莫拉菌的抗菌能力增强,对军团杆菌和性传播的淋球菌和衣原体的抗菌能力也有所增强。

细菌的耐药性问题越来越严重,正常剂量的药物无法发挥应有的杀菌效果,给疾病的治疗造成困难。目前认为抗药性的产生是微生物基因突变造成的。为防止和减少抗药菌的产生,除了合理用药外,不断改进和研制新型抗生素也极为重要。美国疾病预防控制中心估计抗药菌每年使两百万美国民众患病,并导致23,000例死亡。

奇霉素属于氨基糖苷的抗菌素,它能与细菌的30S核蛋白体结合而阻碍蛋白质的生物合成。毒副作用小,非常安全,但并不能抑制多数临床上重要的病原菌。其抗药性菌株的30S核蛋白体中被称为“S5”的蛋白质可看到有变异。

Lee的策略是,彻底搜寻二三十年前的时代的医学文献,那时候抗药菌还很少,他们希望从文献中找出像奇霉素一样的天然药物,提高现有药物效力、减少副作用、避免抗药性出现。2014年研究人员利用这个方法研发了新型抗生素spectinamides 用于特异性治疗肺结核,这种抗生素利用新机制在细胞中积累,抑制蛋白合成从而导致被感染细胞死亡。

随着核糖体的结构解析与技术进步,奇霉素与核糖体的3D模型在原子水平上被看得一清二楚。他们利用这个模型将奇霉素进行化学修饰,以结构为指导研发了20种奇霉素的类似物。新一代药物稳定性更好,与人受体和药物代谢酶没有相互作用,表明体内药物相互作用水平低,毒副作用很小。

原始出处:

David F. Bruhn1,*, Samanthi L. Waidyarachchi1,*, Dora B. Madhura2, Dimitri Shcherbakov3, Zhong Zheng1, Jiuyu Liu1, Yasser M. Abdelrahman4,5, Aman P. Singh1,6, Stefan Duscha3, Chetan Rathi2, Robin B. Lee1, Robert J. Belland4, Bernd Meibohm2, Jason W. Rosch7, Erik C. Böttger3 and Richard E. Lee1,*,† .Aminomethyl spectinomycins as therapeutics for drug-resistant respiratory tract and sexually transmitted bacterial infections.Sci Transl Med, May 20, 2015. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3010572 

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    2015-09-30 bsmagic9140
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    2015-05-31 huaxipanxing

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    2015-05-27 雨人

    好样的

    0

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    2015-05-26 summer474cn

    造福人类

    0

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    2015-05-26 午夜星河

    造福人类

    0

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