急性心衰药物大全,一次学完13种药!

2022-09-10 好医师 好医师

临床必备

急性心力衰竭(AHF)是常见的心血管急重症,常危及生命,必须快速诊断和紧急抢救治疗。AHF治疗原则为减轻心脏前后负荷、改善心脏收缩与舒张功能、积极去除诱因以及治疗原发病变。为了尽快达到疗效,急性期通常采用静脉给药,根据患者的收缩压和肺淤血情况,选用利尿药、血管扩张药和/或正性肌力药、血管收缩药。

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急性心力衰竭治疗流程图

利尿药

适用于急性心力衰竭伴肺循环和/或体循环明显淤血以及容量荷过重的患者。有液体潴留证据的急性心衰患者均应使用利尿剂,首选静脉襻利尿剂,如呋塞米、托拉塞米、布美他尼,应及早应用。

1.呋塞米

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2.托拉塞米

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3.布美他尼

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血管扩张药

可用于急性心力衰竭早期阶段。收缩压>110 mmHg的患者通常可安全使用;收缩压在90~110 mmHg,应谨慎使用;收缩压<90 mmHg,禁忌使用。有明显二尖瓣或主动脉瓣狭窄的患者应慎用。射血分数保留的心力衰竭患者因对容量更加敏感,使用血管扩张药应谨慎。

硝酸酯类药物适用于急性心衰合并高血压、冠心病心肌缺血、二尖瓣反流的患者。紧急时亦可选择舌下含服硝酸甘油。

硝普钠适用于严重心衰、后负荷增加以及伴肺淤血或肺水肿的患者,特别是高血压危象、急性主动脉瓣反流、急性二尖瓣反流和急性室间隔穿孔合并急性心衰等需快速减轻后负荷的疾病。

重组人利钠肽具有多重药理作用,扩张静脉和动脉(包括冠脉),兼一定的促进钠排泄、利尿作用。

1.硝酸甘油

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2.硝酸异山梨酯

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3.硝普钠

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正性肌力药

正性肌力药物适用于症状性低血压(收缩压<90>110次/min)的急性心衰患者,急性心肌梗死后24 h内应尽量避免使用。

1. 多巴胺

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2.多巴酚丁胺

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3.去乙酰毛花苷

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4.米力农

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5.左西孟旦

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血管收缩药

对外周动脉有显著缩血管作用的药物,如去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素等,适用于已应用正性肌力药物后仍出现心原性休克或合并明显低血压状态的患者。心原性休克时首选去甲肾上腺素维持收缩压。

血管收缩药可以使血液重新分配至重要脏器,收缩外周血管并提高血压,但以增加左心室后负荷为代价。药物具有正性肌力活性,也有类似于正性肌力药的不良反应。

1. 去甲肾上腺素

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2.肾上腺素

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参考文献:

[1] 中华医学会, 中华医学会临床药学分会, 中华医学会杂志社, 等. 急性心力衰竭基层合理用药指南. 中华全科医师杂志, 2021,20(01) : 34-41.

[2] 张宇辉, 黄峻. 急性心力衰竭基层诊疗指南(2019年). 中华全科医师杂志, 2019, 18(10): 925-930.

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1945853, encodeId=5166194585357, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d6bd51951cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心衰药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51951, encryptionId=d6bd51951cd, topicName=心衰药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c8f4467, createdName=AspirantSuo, createdTime=Thu Jan 05 15:52:58 CST 2023, time=2023-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1249378, encodeId=e71b12493e8b3, content=很实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fb001980156, createdName=1e17f2aam00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 16 18:37:16 CST 2022, time=2022-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1249377, encodeId=43a612493e791, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fb001980156, createdName=1e17f2aam00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 16 18:36:43 CST 2022, time=2022-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1249376, encodeId=394212493e689, content=很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fb001980156, createdName=1e17f2aam00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 16 18:36:15 CST 2022, time=2022-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1359807, encodeId=9f97135980efd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5aa95229085' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性心衰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52290, encryptionId=5aa95229085, topicName=急性心衰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Sun Sep 11 09:52:58 CST 2022, time=2022-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1945853, encodeId=5166194585357, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d6bd51951cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心衰药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51951, encryptionId=d6bd51951cd, topicName=心衰药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c8f4467, createdName=AspirantSuo, createdTime=Thu Jan 05 15:52:58 CST 2023, time=2023-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1249378, encodeId=e71b12493e8b3, content=很实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fb001980156, createdName=1e17f2aam00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 16 18:37:16 CST 2022, time=2022-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1249377, encodeId=43a612493e791, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fb001980156, createdName=1e17f2aam00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 16 18:36:43 CST 2022, time=2022-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1249376, encodeId=394212493e689, content=很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fb001980156, createdName=1e17f2aam00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 16 18:36:15 CST 2022, time=2022-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1359807, encodeId=9f97135980efd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5aa95229085' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性心衰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52290, encryptionId=5aa95229085, topicName=急性心衰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Sun Sep 11 09:52:58 CST 2022, time=2022-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-09-16 1e17f2aam00(暂无匿称)

    很实用

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1945853, encodeId=5166194585357, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d6bd51951cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心衰药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51951, encryptionId=d6bd51951cd, topicName=心衰药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c8f4467, createdName=AspirantSuo, createdTime=Thu Jan 05 15:52:58 CST 2023, time=2023-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1249378, encodeId=e71b12493e8b3, content=很实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fb001980156, createdName=1e17f2aam00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 16 18:37:16 CST 2022, time=2022-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1249377, encodeId=43a612493e791, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fb001980156, createdName=1e17f2aam00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 16 18:36:43 CST 2022, time=2022-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1249376, encodeId=394212493e689, content=很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fb001980156, createdName=1e17f2aam00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 16 18:36:15 CST 2022, time=2022-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1359807, encodeId=9f97135980efd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5aa95229085' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性心衰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52290, encryptionId=5aa95229085, topicName=急性心衰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Sun Sep 11 09:52:58 CST 2022, time=2022-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-09-16 1e17f2aam00(暂无匿称)

    学习了

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1945853, encodeId=5166194585357, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d6bd51951cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心衰药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51951, encryptionId=d6bd51951cd, topicName=心衰药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c8f4467, createdName=AspirantSuo, createdTime=Thu Jan 05 15:52:58 CST 2023, time=2023-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1249378, encodeId=e71b12493e8b3, content=很实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fb001980156, createdName=1e17f2aam00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 16 18:37:16 CST 2022, time=2022-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1249377, encodeId=43a612493e791, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fb001980156, createdName=1e17f2aam00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 16 18:36:43 CST 2022, time=2022-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1249376, encodeId=394212493e689, content=很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fb001980156, createdName=1e17f2aam00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 16 18:36:15 CST 2022, time=2022-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1359807, encodeId=9f97135980efd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5aa95229085' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性心衰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52290, encryptionId=5aa95229085, topicName=急性心衰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Sun Sep 11 09:52:58 CST 2022, time=2022-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-09-16 1e17f2aam00(暂无匿称)

    很好

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1945853, encodeId=5166194585357, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d6bd51951cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心衰药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51951, encryptionId=d6bd51951cd, topicName=心衰药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c8f4467, createdName=AspirantSuo, createdTime=Thu Jan 05 15:52:58 CST 2023, time=2023-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1249378, encodeId=e71b12493e8b3, content=很实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fb001980156, createdName=1e17f2aam00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 16 18:37:16 CST 2022, time=2022-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1249377, encodeId=43a612493e791, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fb001980156, createdName=1e17f2aam00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 16 18:36:43 CST 2022, time=2022-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1249376, encodeId=394212493e689, content=很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fb001980156, createdName=1e17f2aam00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 16 18:36:15 CST 2022, time=2022-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1359807, encodeId=9f97135980efd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5aa95229085' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性心衰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52290, encryptionId=5aa95229085, topicName=急性心衰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Sun Sep 11 09:52:58 CST 2022, time=2022-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]