中国科学家发现病原菌全新致病机制

2017-01-17 王源超等 《科学》

 

南京农业大学教授王源超领导的科研团队日前取得一项关于作物疫病发生机制的突破性成果,揭示了病原菌攻击宿主的全新致病机制——“诱饵模式”。这是人类首次在更精准的层面认识这类严重危害植物的病原菌分子机理,为改良农作物的持久抗病性提供了新方向。

近日,《科学》在线发表了这项成果。病原菌是一类能够入侵宿主引起感染的微生物,包括细菌、真菌和病毒等。目前已发现的病原菌有160多种,是全球粮食、食品和生态安全的重要威胁。由于这类病害发病快、变异快、流行快,防控一直较难。

通过对一种重要的病原菌——疫霉菌的研究,科学家发现,在入侵植物的早期,疫霉菌向细胞外分泌糖基水解酶XEG1攻击植物细胞壁,而植物则利用水解酶抑制子GIP1抑制其活性。在进化过程中,疫霉菌又获得了XEG1的失活突变体XLP1,以诱饵“DECOY”的方式干扰抑制子GIP1,与糖基水解酶XEG1协同攻击植物的抗病性。

该成果第一作者马振川博士打了个比方:糖基水解酶XEG1相当于疫霉菌攻击植物的“常规导弹”。导弹来了植物会启用自身的防御系统水解酶抑制子GIP1抵御攻击。但是,疫霉菌又会进化出“假弹头”糖基水解酶XEG1的失活突变体XLP1。“假弹头”虽然没有攻击性,但它和植物抑制子GIP1的结合能力高出XEG1约 5倍,因此可以充当“诱饵”把作物防御系统的主要“兵力”吸引过去,从而保护“真弹头”XEG1乘虚而入。

由于糖基水解酶XEG1在卵菌、真菌和细菌中都广泛存在,因此这一发现为开发能诱导植物广谱抗病性的生物农药提供了重要的理论基础(来源:新华社 董峻)

 

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