Arterioscl Throm Vas Biol:另类研究——来自蛇毒的新型抗血小板药

2017-06-29 佚名 嘉音

6月8日,在线发表于《ATVB》杂志的一项台湾研究显示,研究人员已经设计出了基于蛇毒的更安全的抗血小板药物。

6月8日,在线发表于《ATVB》杂志的一项台湾研究显示,研究人员已经设计出了基于蛇毒的更安全的抗血小板药物。

血小板在血栓栓塞性疾病中起关键作用,并参与早期阶段的病理生理过程。因此,抗血小板药物已成为预防和逆转急性冠状动脉疾病血小板聚集的主要治疗手段。目前,抗血小板处方药都有出血和血小板减少风险增加的副作用。

实验和临床证据表明,GPⅥ(糖蛋白Ⅵ)缺陷的血小板不能激活/聚集胶原蛋白,但并不会导致严重出血。因此,基于良好的安全性和有效的抗血栓疗效,GPⅥ已经成为潜在的药理靶标。

蛇毒含有许多生物成分,其通过破坏内皮或影响凝血因子并最终影响血小板功能而发挥作用。具体来说,由αβ异二聚体组成的snaclecs(蛇毒C型凝集素蛋白)低聚化以形成大分子并与特异性血小板受体如GPⅠb、α2β1或GPⅥ受体相互作用,以激活或抑制血小板功能。

来自Crotalus durissus terrificus(南美响尾蛇恐怖亚种)毒液的多聚蛋白质CVX(convulxin)是第一种被确认的能够通过结合GPⅥ和GPⅠb诱导血小板活化的snaclec。

GPⅥ与其配体结构已经部分测定。但GPⅥ配体复合物结构尚未得到充分评估,因此详细的GPⅥ配体结合域和靶向抑制设计关键序列仍需进一步研究,GPⅥ拮抗剂在临床也较少使用。

研究人员对一种来自Tropidolaemus wagleri(铠甲蝮,又名韦氏竹叶青)毒液中纯化的小snaclec—trocaglerix进行研究分析,通过计算机辅助多肽设计设计出一系列六肽/十肽(Troα6/Troα10),并用反相高效液相色谱和测序揭示了有效的特异性GPⅥ靶向snaclec—trowaglerix α亚基的部分序列。

结果显示:trowaglerix的Troα6和Troα10通过阻断血小板GPVI受体,从而特异性抑制胶原诱导的血小板聚集。对肠系膜小静脉荧光素钠诱导的血小板血栓形成和氯化铁诱导的颈动脉损伤血栓形成的模型中,Troα6/Troα10显示了明显的抑制血栓形成作用,而不延长体内出血时间。

图1 Troα10分子与GPⅥ相互作用示意图

GPⅥ具有2个胞外C2型免疫球蛋白样结构域(D1和D2),参与GPⅥ-胶原相互作用主要位于D1结构域的表面。对这些Troα10和GPⅥ的蛋白质结合位点研究表明,Troα10与D1结构域的下表面和D2结构域的外表面结合。通过多克隆抗体对胶原诱导的血小板聚集的抑制作用证实了新发现的位点。这表明D2结构域是GPⅥ介导的血小板聚集过程中新发现的重要结合位点。

据知,这是首次对具有抗血栓活性的snaclecs小分子肽进行研究。之前的研究显示Trocaglerix可通过GPⅥ特异性激活血小板。在这次研究中,进一步测定了trowaglerix的部分氨基酸序列,并合成了这种snaclecs对应的C末端衍生肽。

通过对Troα10和GPⅥ的计算肽设计和分子动力学模拟,在D1 / D2结构域表面附近鉴定了可能的结合位点,这与已知的胶原结合位点不同。研究还预测了Troα10的结构,并分析其在D1和D2结构域之间的内表面上潜在的新结合位点。

结论指出,这种新型的来自于trowaglerix的抗血栓形成的肽类物质,其通过拮抗GPⅥ发挥作用,并且具有更好的安全性——无严重出血。这些特点使得Troα6/Troα10具有成为理想GPⅥ拮抗剂的潜力以治疗因动脉血栓形成引起的疾病。但研究者同时也表示:“设计还需要进一步的优化,以确保该分子只与GPⅥ相互作用而不会与其他蛋白分子发生意外反应。”

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    2017-08-08 sunylz
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    2017-07-06 jyzxjiangqin

    蛇毒的研究。

    0

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    2017-07-01 zhaojie88
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    2017-06-29 lovetcm

    各种新型的看你要大部分都来源于毒蛇,如何能成这些毒素中发现有益东西这才是非常关键

    0

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    2017-06-29 忠诚向上

    好好的学习一下

    0

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